GP2
GP2 (glycoprotein 2, also known as ZAP75) is a GPI-anchored membrane glycoprotein associated with zymogen granules. It acts as an intestinal M-cell transcytotic receptor for type-I-piliated bacteria and contributes to mucosal immune responses. Browse Assay Genie's current range of GP2 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
GP2 functions as a transcytotic receptor on intestinal M-cells, where it is specific for type-I-piliated bacteria. At the apical membrane of M-cells it binds FimH, a protein found at the tip of the bacterial type I pilus. Once bound, GP2 internalises bacteria such as E. coli and S. typhimurium from the intestinal lumen and delivers them through the M-cells to the underlying organised lymphoid follicles. There, antigen-presenting dendritic cells capture the bacteria and elicit a mucosal immune response.
The GP2 gene encodes an integral membrane protein that is secreted from intracellular zymogen granules and associates with the plasma membrane through a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linkage. UniProt records its locations as the zymogen granule membrane, the secreted fraction, the cell membrane including the apical membrane, membrane rafts and endosomes. Alternative splicing of the gene gives rise to multiple transcript variants. Mouse and rat both carry a Gp2 ortholog.
The encoded protein binds pathogens such as enterobacteria, which places it in the innate immune response. Its C-terminus is related to that of the protein encoded by the neighbouring gene, uromodulin (UMOD). The symbol ZAP75 is a previous designation, and the earlier full name was glycoprotein 2 (zymogen granule membrane), reflecting the granule membrane origin of the protein first described as the pancreatic secretory granule membrane major glycoprotein.
GP2 delivers bound bacteria through M-cells to lymphoid follicles, where dendritic cells capture them and trigger a mucosal immune response.
GP2 binds FimH on the type I pilus tip, making it a model for studying bacterial recognition by intestinal epithelium.
As a GPI-anchored protein that binds enterobacteria, GP2 contributes to innate defence at mucosal surfaces.
GP2 is secreted from zymogen granules and associates with the membrane, so it is relevant to studies of granule membrane trafficking.
GP2 is a transcytotic receptor on intestinal M-cells. It binds FimH on type-I-piliated bacteria, internalises them from the gut lumen and delivers them to underlying lymphoid follicles, where dendritic cells capture them to prompt a mucosal immune response.
The HGNC name is glycoprotein 2, previously glycoprotein 2 (zymogen granule membrane), with the previous symbol ZAP75. UniProt lists it as pancreatic secretory granule membrane major glycoprotein GP2. NCBI notes that alternative splicing produces multiple transcript variants.
Yes. Both mouse and rat have a Gp2 ortholog of the human gene. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity. The C-terminus of GP2 is also related to that of the neighbouring gene product uromodulin (UMOD).
Other glycoprotein-family targets, GPI-related proteins and membrane receptors with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P55259; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.