TLR2
TLR2 (toll-like receptor 2, also known as TIL4 and CD282) is a cell-surface pattern-recognition receptor of the innate immune system. It detects bacterial lipoproteins and other microbial cell wall components and signals through MYD88 and TRAF6 to drive NF-kappa-B activation and inflammation. Browse Assay Genie's current range of TLR2 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
TLR2 is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. It cooperates with LY96 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipoproteins and other microbial cell wall components, and works with TLR1 or TLR6 to respond to bacterial lipoproteins and lipopeptides. Signalling proceeds via MYD88 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. TLR2 may also activate immune cells and promote apoptosis in response to the lipid moiety of lipoproteins.
Ligand recognition depends on the receptor partner. With TLR6, TLR2 recognises mycoplasmal macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2kD (MALP-2), soluble tuberculosis factor, phenol-soluble modulin and the B. burgdorferi lipoprotein OspA-L. It also acts as a receptor for M. tuberculosis lipoproteins LprA, LprG, LpqH and PstS1, some of which require coreceptors such as TLR1, CD14 or CD36. TLR2 forms activation clusters that vary with the ligand: TLR2:TLR6:CD14:CD36 for diacylated lipopeptides and TLR2:TLR1:CD14 for triacylated lipopeptides. These clusters signal from the cell surface and are then targeted to the Golgi in a lipid-raft dependent pathway. TLR2 is also required for normal uptake of M. tuberculosis, and it contributes to p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 activation in response to PstS1 and to bacterial peptidoglycan.
The TLR2 gene encodes a cell-surface protein that forms heterodimers with other TLR family members to recognise pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans, and alternative splicing of this gene produces multiple transcript variants. TLR2 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. HGNC classes it among the CD molecules and the Toll-like receptors, and a mouse ortholog, Tlr2, is recorded.
TLR2 is a core sensor of microbial lipoproteins and cell wall components, making it central to studies of how pathogens are first detected.
Signalling through MYD88, TRAF6 and NF-kappa-B links TLR2 to cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response.
TLR2 recognises several M. tuberculosis lipoproteins and is required for normal uptake of the bacterium by host cells.
The TLR2 gene has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases, prompting research into its pathological roles.
TLR2 is a pattern-recognition receptor that detects bacterial lipoproteins and lipopeptides, often with TLR1, TLR6, LY96, CD14 or CD36. Signalling via MYD88 and TRAF6 activates NF-kappa-B, cytokine secretion and inflammation. It may also promote apoptosis in response to lipoprotein lipid moieties.
TLR2 is also known as TIL4 and CD282, and its full name is toll-like receptor 2. HGNC places it among the CD molecules and the Toll-like receptors. Alternative splicing of the gene gives rise to multiple transcript variants.
TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans, and a mouse ortholog, Tlr2, exists. The TLR2 gene has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other Toll-like receptors, including the TLR1 and TLR6 partners of TLR2, and related innate immunity targets with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt O60603; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.