HCAR3
HCAR3 (hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3, also known as HCA3, HM74 and GPR109B) is a G protein-coupled receptor for 3-hydroxyoctanoate, an intermediate of fatty acid beta-oxidation. It signals through inhibitory G(i)/o proteins and acts as a negative feedback regulator of adipocyte lipolysis. Browse Assay Genie's current range of HCAR3 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
HCAR3 is a G protein-coupled receptor whose endogenous ligand is 3-hydroxyoctanoate, a fatty acid beta-oxidation intermediate. On ligand binding it signals through the inhibitory G(i)/o family of G proteins. In keeping with this, NCBI Gene annotates it as involved in the adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signalling pathway and in negative regulation of lipid catabolic process.
Physiologically, HCAR3 acts as a negative feedback regulator of adipocyte lipolysis. It helps to counterbalance prolipolytic signals during physiological or pathological elevations in beta-oxidation, linking the level of fatty acid oxidation to the control of fat breakdown. The receptor is also a low affinity receptor for nicotinic acid, although this pharmacological effect requires nicotinic acid doses much higher than those provided by a normal diet.
The HCAR3 protein is located at the cell membrane and belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor 1 family. HGNC places the HCAR3 gene in the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors group. The receptor was previously named G protein-coupled receptor 109B (GPR109B), and the aliases HCA3 and HM74 are also in use, so all of these names may be encountered when searching the literature.
HCAR3 negatively regulates adipocyte lipolysis, making it relevant to studies of how fat breakdown is restrained when beta-oxidation is elevated.
As the receptor for 3-hydroxyoctanoate, a beta-oxidation intermediate, HCAR3 connects fatty acid oxidation to receptor signalling.
HCAR3 couples to inhibitory G(i)/o proteins and the adenylate cyclase-inhibiting pathway, providing a model for Gi-coupled receptor signalling.
HCAR3 is a low affinity nicotinic acid receptor, responding only at doses far above those from a normal diet.
HCAR3 is a G protein-coupled receptor for 3-hydroxyoctanoate, a fatty acid beta-oxidation intermediate. It signals through G(i)/o proteins and acts as a negative feedback regulator of adipocyte lipolysis, counterbalancing prolipolytic signals when beta-oxidation is elevated.
HCAR3 is the HGNC symbol for hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3. Aliases include HCA3, HM74 and GPR109B, and the previous name was G protein-coupled receptor 109B. Older publications often use GPR109B or HM74, so searching under all names is advisable.
HCAR3 acts as a low affinity receptor for nicotinic acid. According to UniProt, this pharmacological effect requires nicotinic acid doses much higher than those supplied by a normal diet, so 3-hydroxyoctanoate is considered its relevant ligand in a physiological context.
Other hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors, Gi-coupled GPCRs and lipolysis-pathway proteins with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P49019; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.