HPSE
HPSE (heparanase; also HPA, HSE1 and HPSE1) is an endoglycosidase that cleaves heparan sulfate proteoglycans into heparan sulfate side chains and core proteoglycans. Through this activity it takes part in extracellular matrix degradation and remodelling. Browse Assay Genie's current range of HPSE research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
HPSE encodes heparanase, an endoglycosidase that cleaves heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), which are major components of the basement membrane and extracellular matrix (ECM). The enzyme selectively cleaves the linkage between a glucuronic acid unit and an N-sulfo glucosamine unit carrying either a 3-O-sulfo or a 6-O-sulfo group. It can also cleave the linkage next to an N-sulfo glucosamine unit carrying a 2-O-sulfo group, but not linkages between glucuronic acid and a 2-O-sulfated iduronic acid moiety. It is essentially inactive at neutral pH and becomes active under acidic conditions, such as those found during tumour invasion and in inflammatory processes.
By remodelling the ECM, HPSE permits cell movement, and this cleavage can also release bioactive molecules from the matrix. The enzyme facilitates cell migration associated with metastasis, wound healing and inflammation. It enhances shedding of syndecans, increases endothelial invasion and angiogenesis in myelomas, and enhances angiogenesis through up-regulation of SRC-mediated activation of VEGF. It also induces AKT1/PKB phosphorylation via lipid rafts, increasing cell mobility and invasion, and heparin increases this activation. Some functions do not depend on catalysis: HPSE increases cell adhesion to the ECM independently of its enzymatic activity. It acts as a procoagulant by increasing generation of activated factor X in the presence of tissue factor and activated factor VII.
UniProt also implicates HPSE in the regulation of osteogenesis, in differentiation of the hair follicle inner root sheath and in hair homeostasis. The protein belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 79 family and the HGNC Heparanase family, and is found at the lysosome membrane, secreted and in the nucleus. The human HPSE gene has several transcript variants encoding different isoforms, and mouse and rat each carry an ortholog named Hpse.
HPSE is active under acidic conditions such as tumour invasion and facilitates cell migration associated with metastasis.
Cleavage of heparan sulfate proteoglycans by HPSE remodels the matrix and can release bioactive molecules stored there.
HPSE increases endothelial invasion and angiogenesis in myelomas and enhances SRC-mediated activation of VEGF.
HPSE supports cell migration in inflammation and wound healing, and acts as a procoagulant by increasing activated factor X generation.
HPSE is an endoglycosidase that cleaves heparan sulfate proteoglycans into heparan sulfate side chains and core proteoglycans, contributing to extracellular matrix degradation and remodelling. It supports cell migration in metastasis, wound healing and inflammation, and is essentially inactive at neutral pH.
HPSE is the HGNC symbol for heparanase. Aliases and previous symbols include HPA, HSE1 and HPSE1. The enzyme is classified as EC 3.2.1.166. According to the NCBI Gene summary, several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Yes. Mouse and rat each have an ortholog named Hpse. Human HPSE belongs to the Heparanase family and the glycosyl hydrolase 79 family. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Pathway partners of heparanase, including signalling kinases, growth factors and coagulation factors named in its function annotation.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q9Y251; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.