CLEC10A
CLEC10A (C-type lectin domain containing 10A, also known as CD301, HML, HML2, CLECSF13 and CLECSF14) is a C-type lectin receptor that lets myeloid antigen presenting cells recognise N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-terminated glycans. It acts as a signalling and endocytic receptor in immune regulation and antitumour immunity. Browse Assay Genie's current range of CLEC10A research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
CLEC10A binds in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner to alpha- and beta-linked GalNAc residues on glycoprotein and glycolipid antigens. These include the Tn and T antigens (alphaGalNAc- and Galbeta1->3GalNAc-O-Ser/Thr), the LacdiNAc epitope GalNAcbeta1->4GlcNAc and its fucosylated derivative, O-linked core 5 and 6 glycans, and the GM2 and GD2 gangliosides. It works at the interface between antigen presenting cells and T cells. On immature dendritic cells it recognises Tn antigen-carrying PTPRC/CD45 on effector T cells and down-regulates CD45 phosphatase activity. This affects the T cell activation threshold, cytokine production and proliferation.
The receptor also modulates dendritic cell maturation toward a tolerogenic phenotype, which leads to a regulatory CD4-positive T cell subset with immune suppressive functions. As an endocytic pattern recognition receptor it contributes to antitumour immunity. It recognises Tn antigens, and their sialylated forms Neu5Ac-Tn and Neu5Gc-Tn, on tumour cell mucins. On immature dendritic cells it can internalise Tn-terminated immunogens and direct them to the endolysosomal compartment for MHC class I and II presentation to CD8-positive and CD4-positive T cells. UniProt places the protein in the cell membrane, early endosome membrane and lysosome membrane.
The CLEC10A gene encodes a member of the C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like domain (CTL/CTLD) superfamily. Members share a common fold and have diverse roles, including cell adhesion, cell-cell signalling, glycoprotein turnover, inflammation and immune response. The encoded protein is a type 2 transmembrane protein that may function as a cell surface antigen, and two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. HGNC classifies it among CD molecules and C-type lectin receptors. Earlier names include C-type lectin superfamily member 14 (macrophage-derived). Mouse and rat both have a Clec10a ortholog.
CLEC10A recognises Tn antigens and their sialylated forms on tumour cell mucins, making it relevant to antitumour immunity.
It modulates dendritic cell maturation toward a tolerogenic phenotype and supports generation of regulatory CD4-positive T cells.
On immature dendritic cells it internalises Tn-terminated immunogens for endolysosomal processing and MHC class I and II presentation.
Engagement of CD45 on effector T cells lowers phosphatase activity, affecting activation threshold, cytokine production and proliferation.
CLEC10A is a C-type lectin receptor on myeloid antigen presenting cells that binds GalNAc-terminated glycans in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. It signals at the antigen presenting cell-T cell interface, promotes tolerogenic dendritic cell maturation and internalises Tn-bearing antigens for MHC presentation.
Aliases are CD301, HML, HML2, CLECSF13 and CLECSF14. An earlier name was C-type lectin superfamily member 14 (macrophage-derived). RefSeq reports two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms, so literature and reagents may use any of these names.
Mouse and rat both carry a Clec10a ortholog, so the receptor can be studied in rodent models. Sequence differences can affect cross-reactivity, so check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other C-type lectin domain family members and receptors involved in glycan recognition and immune signalling.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q8IUN9; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.