LPCAT3
LPCAT3 (lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3, also known as MBOAT5, LPLAT12, OACT5, C3F or nessy) is an endoplasmic reticulum membrane enzyme that drives the reacylation step of phospholipid remodelling. It converts lysophospholipids into phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Browse Assay Genie's current range of LPCAT3 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
LPCAT3 is a lysophospholipid O-acyltransferase that catalyses the reacylation step of the phospholipid remodelling process known as the Lands cycle. It transfers a fatty acyl chain from fatty acyl-CoA to a 1-acyl lysophospholipid, forming a range of phospholipid classes. It converts 1-acyl lysophosphatidylcholine into phosphatidylcholine (LPCAT activity), 1-acyl lysophosphatidylserine into phosphatidylserine (LPSAT activity) and 1-acyl lysophosphatidylethanolamine into phosphatidylethanolamine (LPEAT activity). It shows higher activity towards lysophosphatidylcholine than towards the ethanolamine or serine forms, and favours polyunsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs over saturated ones. It can also act, with lower efficiency, on 1-O-alkyl and 1-O-alkenyl lysophospholipids.
The protein belongs to the membrane-bound acyltransferase family and is located in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. It is a major lysophosphatidylcholine O-acyltransferase in liver and intestine. In the liver, as part of the liver X receptor (NR1H3 or NR1H2) signalling pathway, it mainly incorporates arachidonate into phosphatidylcholines of ER membranes. This increases membrane dynamics and allows triacylglycerols to be transferred to nascent very low-density lipoprotein particles. It also promotes processing of SREBF1 in hepatocytes, probably by aiding movement of the SREBF1-SCAP complex from the ER to the Golgi apparatus, and helps the liver X receptor pathway counteract lipid-induced ER stress and inflammation. By limiting arachidonic acid availability for eicosanoids such as prostaglandins, it down-regulates hepatic inflammation.
In enterocytes, LPCAT3 forms part of a gut-brain feedback loop coordinating dietary lipid absorption and food intake. It sets the abundance of linoleate- and arachidonate-containing phosphatidylcholines in membranes, which supports passive diffusion of fatty acids and cholesterol and efficient chylomicron assembly. In the intestinal crypt it contributes to a dietary-responsive phospholipid-cholesterol axis that regulates cholesterol biosynthesis and its mitogenic effects on intestinal stem cells. The LPCAT3 gene was previously named membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 5 (MBOAT5) and is placed in the HGNC lysophospholipid acyltransferase group. Mouse and rat orthologs are both called Lpcat3.
LPCAT3 catalyses the reacylation step of the Lands cycle, making it central to studies of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine acyl-chain composition.
It incorporates arachidonate into ER phosphatidylcholines under liver X receptor signalling, enabling triacylglycerol transfer to nascent VLDL and supporting SREBF1 processing.
In enterocytes it shapes membrane phosphatidylcholines for fatty acid and cholesterol diffusion and chylomicron assembly, within a gut-brain loop linking absorption and food intake.
By limiting arachidonic acid available for prostaglandin synthesis, it helps the liver X receptor pathway restrain hepatic inflammation and lipid-induced ER stress.
LPCAT3 is an ER membrane lysophospholipid acyltransferase that transfers fatty acyl chains from acyl-CoA to 1-acyl lysophospholipids, regenerating phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine in the Lands cycle. It prefers polyunsaturated acyl-CoA donors and lysophosphatidylcholine acceptors.
LPCAT3 is also called MBOAT5, LPLAT12, OACT5, C3F and nessy. Its UniProt name is lysophospholipid acyltransferase 5, and earlier HGNC names were membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 5 and O-acyltransferase (membrane bound) domain containing 5.
Yes. Mouse and rat both have an ortholog named Lpcat3. The mouse and rat proteins are described as acting in liver and intestine lipid handling in the literature behind the UniProt annotation; check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases involved in phospholipid remodelling and the Lands cycle.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q6P1A2; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.