IL36G
IL36G (interleukin 36 gamma, also known as IL-1F9, IL-1H1 and IL-1RP2) is an IL-1 family cytokine that signals through the IL-36 receptor IL1RL2. It activates NF-kappa-B and MAPK pathways and is linked to inflammatory responses at epithelial barriers. Browse Assay Genie's current range of IL36G research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
IL36G is a cytokine that binds to and signals through the IL1RL2/IL-36R receptor, which in turn activates NF-kappa-B and MAPK signalling in target cells. It forms part of the IL-36 signalling system, which is thought to operate in epithelial barriers and to contribute to local inflammatory responses. The system resembles the IL-1 system and shares its coreceptor, IL1RAP. Activity is specifically inhibited by IL1F5 (IL-1 delta).
In the skin, IL36G appears to act on keratinocytes, dendritic cells and, indirectly, T-cells to drive tissue infiltration, cell maturation and proliferation. In cultured keratinocytes it induces macrophage, T-cell and neutrophil chemokines, including CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL2, CCL17, CCL22, CCL20, CXCL8 and CXCL1. It also stimulates its own expression, along with TNF, S100A7/psoriasin and inducible NOS. In primary lung fibroblasts it activates MAP kinases and NF-kappa-B and stimulates IL-8, CXCL3 and CCL20, suggesting a role in neutrophilic airway inflammation. It may also contribute to the innate response to fungal pathogens such as Aspergillus fumigatus.
In keratinocytes, interferon-gamma, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and IL-1 beta are reported to stimulate expression of the IL36G gene. Contact hypersensitivity reactions and herpes simplex virus infection can also induce it. The gene belongs to a cluster of nine IL-1 family genes on chromosome 2. Earlier names include interleukin 1 family, member 9 (IL1F9), and the protein is found in the cytoplasm and as a secreted form. A mouse ortholog, Il36g, is recorded.
IL36G acts on keratinocytes, dendritic cells and indirectly on T-cells, making it a focus for studies of cutaneous inflammatory responses.
In keratinocytes it induces a broad set of chemokines, including CCL20, CXCL8 and CXCL1, supporting work on immune cell recruitment.
IL36G stimulates IL-8, CXCL3 and CCL20 in lung fibroblasts, linking it to pro-inflammatory responses in neutrophilic airway inflammation.
IL36G may be involved in the innate immune response to fungal pathogens such as Aspergillus fumigatus.
IL36G is a cytokine that binds the IL1RL2/IL-36R receptor and activates NF-kappa-B and MAPK signalling. It appears to contribute to local inflammation at epithelial barriers, notably in skin, where it acts on keratinocytes and dendritic cells and induces chemokine expression.
IL36G is also called IL-1F9, IL1F9, IL-1H1, IL1H1, IL-1RP2 and IL1E. Its previous HGNC name was interleukin 1 family, member 9. UniProt lists the protein as interleukin-36 gamma, a member of the IL-1 family.
A mouse ortholog, Il36g, is recorded. In human keratinocytes, interferon-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta are reported to stimulate expression, as are contact hypersensitivity and herpes simplex virus infection. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other IL-1 family members and interleukins involved in epithelial and inflammatory signalling with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q9NZH8; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.