SLC25A5
SLC25A5, also known as ADP/ATP translocase 2 and ANT2 (aliases T2, 2F1 and T3), is a mitochondrial carrier of the inner membrane. It exchanges ADP and ATP across the membrane to support ATP synthesis, and also contributes to uncoupling, permeability transition and mitophagy. Browse Assay Genie's current range of SLC25A5 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
SLC25A5 is an ADP:ATP antiporter that imports ADP into the mitochondrial matrix for ATP synthesis and exports ATP to fuel the cell. It works by an alternating access mechanism: a single substrate-binding site is intermittently exposed to the cytosolic side (c-state) or the matrix side (m-state) of the inner mitochondrial membrane. NCBI Gene describes the protein as a gated pore that forms a homodimer embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Beyond nucleotide exchange, SLC25A5 (ANT2) is involved in mitochondrial uncoupling and in activity of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). As a proton transporter it uncouples proton flow through the electron transport chain and ATP synthase, lowering the efficiency of ATP production and causing mitochondrial thermogenesis. This activity requires free fatty acids as a cofactor, without transporting them, and is inhibited by ADP:ATP antiporter activity. This suggests that the protein acts as a master regulator balancing ATP production against thermogenesis, and it probably mediates uncoupling in tissues that do not express UCP1. It also contributes to mPTP opening, although it is unclear whether it forms part of the pore or regulates it.
SLC25A5 also regulates mitophagy independently of its antiporter activity. By interacting with TIMM44 it inhibits the presequence translocase TIMM23, which stabilises PINK1. As part of the mitotic spindle-associated MMXD complex it may play a role in chromosome segregation. The SLC25A5 gene belongs to the mitochondrial carrier subfamily of solute carrier genes, and the human genome contains several non-transcribed pseudogenes of it. Suppressed expression has been shown to induce apoptosis and inhibit tumour growth. Mouse and rat both have a Slc25a5 ortholog.
SLC25A5 exchanges ADP and ATP across the inner membrane, making it central to studies of how mitochondrial ATP output reaches the cell.
Its fatty acid-dependent proton transport offers a route to study mitochondrial uncoupling in tissues that do not express UCP1.
SLC25A5 promotes mitophagy through TIMM44, TIMM23 inhibition and PINK1 stabilisation, independently of its antiporter activity.
Links to mPTP opening and the finding that suppressed expression induces apoptosis and inhibits tumour growth make it relevant to cell death research.
SLC25A5 is an ADP:ATP antiporter in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It imports ADP into the matrix for ATP synthesis and exports ATP to the cytoplasm. It also contributes to proton-mediated uncoupling, mPTP activity and, through TIMM44, the regulation of mitophagy.
SLC25A5 is the HGNC symbol for solute carrier family 25 member 5. UniProt names the protein ADP/ATP translocase 2, commonly abbreviated ANT2. Other aliases are T2, 2F1 and T3. An earlier name was adenine nucleotide translocator, member 5.
Mouse and rat both carry a Slc25a5 ortholog. NCBI Gene reports that suppressed expression induces apoptosis and inhibits tumour growth. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other solute carrier family members with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P05141; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.