GIT1
GIT1 (GIT ArfGAP 1) is a multidomain scaffold protein that acts as a GTPase-activating protein for ADP ribosylation factor family members, including ARF1. It was previously named G protein-coupled receptor kinase interactor 1. Browse Assay Genie's current range of GIT1 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
GIT1 stimulates GTP hydrolysis by ADP ribosylation factor family members, including ARF1, and also works as a multidomain scaffold that interacts with numerous proteins. Through these interactions it participates in receptor internalisation, focal adhesion remodelling, and signalling by both G protein-coupled receptors and tyrosine kinase receptors. Through PAK1 activation it positively regulates microtubule nucleation during interphase, and it plays a role in the regulation of cytokinesis, possibly in a pathway involving ENTR1 and PTPN13.
In cell migration, GIT1 may regulate focal complex dynamics and locally activate RAC1. It may also scaffold MAPK1/3 signal transduction in focal adhesions, recruiting ERK1/2 there after EGF stimulation via a Src-dependent pathway. In the nervous system it is involved in dendritic spine morphogenesis, synapse formation, spine density and the synaptic plasticity needed for learning. In hippocampal neurons it recruits guanine nucleotide exchange factors such as ARHGEF7/beta-PIX to the synaptic membrane, which activate RAC1. It may also help organise presynaptic active zones through a Piccolo/PCLO-based network, contribute to AMPA receptor (GRIA2/3) targeting through liprin-alpha family members, and support GABA(A) receptor synaptic stability and GABAergic inhibitory transmission.
Outside the brain, GIT1 is required for bone regeneration during fracture healing. In macrophages it is a negative regulator of redox homeostasis, IL1B production and glycolysis, acting through the ERK1/2/NRF2/NFE2L2 axis. It may support angiogenesis by enhancing canonical NF-kappa-B signalling in bone mesenchymal stem cells, and it is essential for VEGF signalling through phospholipase C-gamma and ERK1/2. NCBI Gene lists it as enabling gamma-tubulin binding, implicated in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and a biomarker of Huntington's disease. The GIT1 gene belongs to the ArfGAP and ankyrin repeat domain containing groups, and the protein localises to the cytoplasm, focal adhesions, lamellipodia, centrosomes and synapses.
GIT1 regulates spine density, dendritic spine morphogenesis and synapse formation, making it a focus for studies of learning and synaptic function.
GIT1 remodels focal adhesions and recruits ERK1/2 after EGF stimulation, supporting research on cell motility and RAC1 signalling.
GIT1 is required for fracture healing and supports VEGF signalling, NF-kappa-B activity and angiogenic factor production in bone regeneration studies.
GIT1 is implicated in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and is a biomarker of Huntington's disease, linking it to neurological disease biology.
GIT1 is a GTPase-activating protein for ARF family members, including ARF1, and a multidomain scaffold. It contributes to receptor internalisation, focal adhesion remodelling, microtubule nucleation, cytokinesis, synapse formation and VEGF signalling, interacting with partners such as PAK1, ARHGEF7 and ERK1/2.
The HGNC full name is GIT ArfGAP 1. Earlier names were G protein-coupled receptor kinase interactor 1 and G protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting ArfGAP 1. UniProt lists the protein as ARF GTPase-activating protein GIT1. No alternative gene symbols are recorded.
Mouse and rat both have a Git1 ortholog, and mouse work underpins much of the knowledge of its neuronal and bone functions. NCBI Gene reports GIT1 as implicated in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and as a biomarker of Huntington's disease. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Related targets and signalling partners with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q9Y2X7; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.