GADD45A
GADD45A (growth arrest and DNA damage inducible alpha, also known as GADD45 or DDIT1) is a nuclear stress-response protein encoded by a gene whose transcript levels rise after growth arrest and DNA damage. It links environmental stress to p38/JNK signalling and cell-cycle control. Browse Assay Genie's current range of GADD45A research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
GADD45A belongs to the GADD45 family, a group of genes whose transcript levels are increased following stressful growth arrest conditions and treatment with DNA-damaging agents. The protein responds to environmental stresses by mediating activation of the p38/JNK pathway via the kinase MTK1/MEKK4. In T-cells, it acts as a regulator of p38 MAPKs by inhibiting p88 phosphorylation and activity.
The protein also has roles connected to the cell cycle and DNA repair. It might affect the interaction of PCNA with some CDK (cell division protein kinase) complexes, stimulates DNA excision repair in vitro and inhibits entry of cells into S phase. These properties make GADD45A a useful readout when studying how cells arrest and repair damage after genotoxic stress.
The GADD45A gene is induced by DNA damage through both p53-dependent and p53-independent mechanisms. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. UniProt places the protein in the nucleus. The gene has also been listed under the symbols GADD45 and DDIT1, and the earlier name growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, alpha. Mouse and rat orthologs are both named Gadd45a, which allows comparable work across common model species. Researchers studying GADD45A may use a GADD45A antibody or GADD45A ELISA kit alongside gene expression analysis to follow stress responses.
GADD45A transcription rises after DNA-damaging agents, and the protein stimulates DNA excision repair in vitro, making it a marker of genotoxic stress.
GADD45A inhibits entry of cells into S phase and may influence PCNA interactions with CDK complexes, relevant to growth arrest studies.
GADD45A mediates p38/JNK pathway activation through MTK1/MEKK4 and regulates p38 MAPK activity in T-cells.
Induction of the GADD45A gene occurs by both p53-dependent and p53-independent routes, so it is useful for dissecting stress-response regulation.
GADD45A responds to environmental stress by mediating activation of the p38/JNK pathway via MTK1/MEKK4. In T-cells it regulates p38 MAPKs, and it stimulates DNA excision repair in vitro while inhibiting entry of cells into S phase. It is localised to the nucleus.
GADD45A is also known as GADD45 and DDIT1, and was previously named growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, alpha. UniProt classes it in the GADD45 family. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported for the gene.
Yes. Mouse and rat both have an ortholog named Gadd45a, so findings can be compared across these models. The human gene is induced by DNA damage via p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other GADD45 family members and related stress-response targets with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P24522; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.