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GPR174
GPR174 (G protein-coupled receptor 174, also known as FKSG79 and LPS3) is a cell-membrane receptor for lysophosphatidylserine that shapes T-cell, B-cell and macrophage responses. It belongs to the class A orphan group of G protein-coupled receptors. Browse Assay Genie's current range of GPR174 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
GPR174 is a G protein-coupled receptor for lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS) with several roles in the immune response. It acts as a negative regulator of regulatory T-cell accumulation and homeostasis. Where inflammation raises LysoPS production, GPR174 helps down-regulate regulatory T-cell activity, which favours an effector response. In activated T-lymphocytes it mediates suppression of IL-2 production, limiting T-cell growth, proliferation and differentiation.
Mechanistically, GPR174 signals through G(s)-containing heterotrimeric G proteins to raise cyclic AMP levels and protein kinase A (PKA) activity. This may antagonise proximal TCR signalling. The receptor also contributes to the early phase of sepsis by regulating macrophage polarisation and the secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. After testosterone treatment, GPR174 is reported to act as a receptor for CCL21. It then signals through G(q)-alpha and G(12)/G(13) proteins to trigger a calcium flux and chemotaxis of activated B-cells. Through GNA13 and PKA it promotes CD86 up-regulation in follicular B-cells.
The GPR174 gene encodes a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily, with seven alpha-helical transmembrane domains, and UniProt places it in the G protein-coupled receptor 1 family. HGNC classifies it among class A orphan receptors, and NCBI Gene notes that it was classed as an orphan because its cognate ligand had not been identified. Mouse Gpr174 is the corresponding ortholog.
GPR174 suppresses IL-2 production in activated T-lymphocytes and limits regulatory T-cell accumulation, making it relevant to studies of T-cell activity.
As a receptor for lysophosphatidylserine, GPR174 links lipid mediators to G(s)-driven cyclic AMP and PKA signalling in immune cells.
GPR174 helps regulate macrophage polarisation and cytokine secretion in the initial period of sepsis.
GPR174 mediates CCL21-driven calcium flux and chemotaxis in activated B-cells and promotes CD86 up-regulation in follicular B-cells.
GPR174 is a G protein-coupled receptor for lysophosphatidylserine. It signals through G(s) proteins to raise cyclic AMP and PKA activity, suppresses IL-2 production in activated T-cells, restrains regulatory T-cell accumulation, and influences macrophage polarisation and B-cell responses.
The HGNC full name is G protein-coupled receptor 174, and UniProt lists it as probable G protein-coupled receptor 174. Aliases are FKSG79 and LPS3. HGNC places it in the class A orphan GPCR group, reflecting its earlier classification as an orphan receptor.
A mouse ortholog, Gpr174, is recorded for the human gene, which is useful for in vivo immune studies. No rat ortholog is given in the data supplied here. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other G protein-coupled receptors, including orphan class members, with research products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q9BXC1; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.
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