ApoE
ApoE (apolipoprotein E, also known as AD2) is a major apoprotein of the chylomicron and a member of the apolipoprotein A1/A4/E family. It binds a specific liver and peripheral cell receptor and is essential for the normal catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein constituents. Browse Assay Genie's current range of ApoE research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
ApoE is a major apoprotein of the chylomicron. It binds to a specific liver and peripheral cell receptor and is essential for the normal catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein constituents. In this way it links circulating lipoprotein particles to their uptake by cells, and its activity determines how efficiently chylomicron and VLDL remnants are cleared from plasma.
The protein is secreted and is annotated in the extracellular space, including the extracellular matrix, as well as in extracellular vesicles and in endosomal multivesicular bodies. It belongs to the apolipoprotein A1/A4/E family, and HGNC places the APOE gene in the apolipoproteins gene group. The gene maps to chromosome 19 in a cluster with the related apolipoprotein C1 and C2 genes. Mouse and rat each have an orthologous Apoe gene, which allows the protein to be studied in common rodent models.
Mutations in the APOE gene result in familial dysbetalipoproteinemia, or type III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP III), in which increased plasma cholesterol and triglycerides are the consequence of impaired clearance of chylomicron and VLDL remnants. The previous HGNC name, Alzheimer disease 2 (APOE*E4-associated, late onset), and the alias AD2 reflect the association of an APOE allele with late-onset Alzheimer disease. In microbial infection, ApoE interacts with hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope glycoprotein E2 and takes part in HCV attachment to HSPGs and other cell-surface receptors (LDLr, VLDLr and SR-B1), and in the assembly, maturation and infectivity of viral particles. This interaction is probably promoted by virus-driven up-regulation of cellular autophagy.
ApoE is essential for the catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein constituents, making it central to studies of chylomicron and VLDL remnant handling.
Mutations in the APOE gene cause familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (type III hyperlipoproteinemia), with raised plasma cholesterol and triglycerides from impaired remnant clearance.
The former HGNC name links APOE to late-onset Alzheimer disease, associated with the E4 allele, so ApoE is widely studied in this context.
ApoE interacts with HCV envelope glycoprotein E2 and contributes to viral attachment, particle assembly, maturation and infectivity.
ApoE is a major apoprotein of the chylomicron. It binds a specific liver and peripheral cell receptor and is essential for the normal catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein constituents. It also interacts with HCV envelope glycoprotein E2, aiding viral attachment and particle assembly.
The HGNC symbol is APOE and the full name is apolipoprotein E. AD2 is a listed alias, and the previous name was Alzheimer disease 2 (APOE*E4-associated, late onset). UniProt lists the protein as Apolipoprotein E, accession P02649.
Mouse and rat both carry an orthologous Apoe gene, so rodent models are available. In humans, APOE mutations cause familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (type III hyperlipoproteinemia), and an APOE*E4 allele is associated with late-onset Alzheimer disease. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other apolipoproteins, lipoprotein receptors and lipid-metabolism targets related to ApoE.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P02649; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.