ABL2
ABL2 (ABL proto-oncogene 2, non-receptor tyrosine kinase), also known as ARG or ABLL, is a member of the Abelson family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases. It links extracellular cues to cytoskeleton remodelling, cell motility, adhesion and receptor endocytosis. Browse Assay Genie's current range of ABL2 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
ABL2 is a non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that plays an ABL1-overlapping role in processes linked to cell growth and survival, including cytoskeleton remodelling in response to extracellular stimuli, cell motility, adhesion and receptor endocytosis. It coordinates actin remodelling by phosphorylating proteins that control cytoskeleton dynamics, such as MYH10, CTTN, and the microtubule subunits TUBA1 and TUBB. It also binds F-actin directly and regulates actin cytoskeletal structure through its F-actin-bundling activity.
In adhesion and motility, ABL2 phosphorylates regulators including CRK, CRKL, DOK1 and ARHGAP35. Adhesion-dependent phosphorylation of ARHGAP35 promotes its association with RASA1, which recruits ARHGAP35 to the cell periphery where it inhibits RHO. ABL2 also phosphorylates receptor tyrosine kinases such as PDGFRB and endocytosis-related substrates such as RIN1. In brain it may regulate neurotransmission by phosphorylating synaptic proteins, and it positively regulates chemokine-mediated T-cell migration, polarisation and homing, potentially via NEDD9/HEF1 and RAP1. The kinase regulates itself through autocatalytic activity and by phosphorylating its inhibitor, ABI1. Pathogens can hijack ABL2 signalling to reorganise the host actin cytoskeleton, for example to aid intracellular movement and host cell exit.
The ABL2 gene belongs to the Abl family of tyrosine kinases within the protein kinase superfamily. The protein is highly similar to the c-abl oncogene 1 protein (ABL1), including the tyrosine kinase, SH2 and SH3 domains, and it carries C-terminal F-actin- and microtubule-binding sequences. It is expressed in both normal and tumour cells and is involved in a translocation with the ets variant 6 gene in leukaemia. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encode different protein isoforms. Earlier names include v-abl Abelson murine leukaemia viral oncogene homolog 2 (arg, Abelson-related gene).
ABL2 binds and bundles F-actin and phosphorylates cytoskeletal regulators, making it a focus for studies of actin and microtubule remodelling.
Phosphorylation of CRK, CRKL, DOK1 and ARHGAP35 places ABL2 in pathways governing adhesion, RHO inhibition and cell movement.
ABL2 positively regulates chemokine-mediated T-cell migration, polarisation and homing to lymph nodes and immune-challenged tissues.
The ABL2 gene is involved in a translocation with ETV6 in leukaemia, and pathogens can hijack its signalling to reorganise host actin.
ABL2 is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates cytoskeleton remodelling, cell adhesion, motility and receptor endocytosis. It phosphorylates substrates such as CTTN, CRK, CRKL and ARHGAP35, and binds and bundles F-actin. It also regulates itself through autophosphorylation and by phosphorylating its inhibitor ABI1.
ABL2 is also known as ARG (Abelson-related gene) and ABLL. Earlier names include v-abl Abelson murine leukaemia viral oncogene homolog 2 and c-abl oncogene 2, non-receptor tyrosine kinase. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encode different protein isoforms.
ABL2 is highly similar to ABL1, sharing the tyrosine kinase, SH2 and SH3 domains, and has an overlapping role in cell growth and survival. The mouse ortholog is Abl2. The gene is involved in a translocation with ETV6 in leukaemia. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other Abl family kinase and actin-binding targets that are relevant to cytoskeleton and tyrosine kinase signalling research.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P42684; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.