PLA2G2D
PLA2G2D (phospholipase A2 group IID, sPLA2S) is a secreted, calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that acts mainly on extracellular lipids. It has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive roles, linking membrane phospholipid hydrolysis to the generation of pro-resolving lipid mediators. Browse Assay Genie's current range of PLA2G2D research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
PLA2G2D is a secretory, calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that hydrolyses the ester bond of the fatty acyl group at the sn-2 position of phospholipids. It prefers phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylglycerols over phosphatidylcholines. In draining lymph nodes it selectively hydrolyses diacyl and alkenyl forms of phosphatidylethanolamines, releasing omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoate and docosahexaenoate. These are precursors of the anti-inflammatory lipid mediators known as resolvins.
During the resolution phase of acute inflammation, PLA2G2D drives the synthesis of docosahexaenoate-derived resolvin D1, which suppresses dendritic cell activation and the T-helper 1 immune response. Through a mechanism independent of its catalytic activity, it also promotes the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and contributes to the maintenance of immune tolerance. It may act in an autocrine and paracrine manner, and may contribute to lipid remodelling of cellular membranes and the generation of lipid mediators involved in pathogen clearance. It shows bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria by directly hydrolysing phospholipids of the bacterial membrane.
The PLA2G2D gene encodes a secreted member of the phospholipase A2 family and lies in a cluster of related family members on chromosome 1. HGNC places it in the phospholipases gene group, and its previous name was phospholipase A2, group IID. NCBI Gene notes that it may be involved in inflammation and immune response, and in weight loss associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Alternative splicing produces multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. The mouse ortholog is Pla2g2d.
PLA2G2D supports resolvin D1 synthesis during the resolution phase of acute inflammation, making it relevant to studies of pro-resolving lipid mediator pathways.
It promotes regulatory T cell differentiation independently of catalytic activity and helps maintain immune tolerance, a focus for T cell and dendritic cell research.
Its preference for phosphatidylethanolamines and release of omega-3 fatty acids makes it useful for studying membrane lipid remodelling and lipid mediator generation.
PLA2G2D hydrolyses bacterial membrane phospholipids and is bactericidal against Gram-positive bacteria, so it features in studies of innate antimicrobial mechanisms.
PLA2G2D is a secreted, calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that hydrolyses phospholipids at the sn-2 position. In lymph nodes it releases omega-3 fatty acids that lead to resolvin production, suppressing dendritic cell activation and Th1 responses, and it also promotes regulatory T cell differentiation.
The HGNC name is phospholipase A2 group IID, previously phospholipase A2, group IID. UniProt calls the protein group IID secretory phospholipase A2, and sPLA2S is a listed alias. NCBI Gene reports that alternative splicing yields multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.
A mouse ortholog, Pla2g2d, is recorded. NCBI Gene states that human PLA2G2D may be involved in inflammation and immune response, and in weight loss associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other secreted and cytosolic phospholipase A2 family members and related lipid-metabolism targets with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q9UNK4; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.