SGPP1
SGPP1 (sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase 1) is an endoplasmic reticulum enzyme that dephosphorylates sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and so controls the levels of this bioactive sphingolipid. By recycling sphingosine into ceramide, it links S1P signalling to sphingolipid synthesis. Browse Assay Genie's current range of SGPP1 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
SGPP1 specifically dephosphorylates sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), dihydro-S1P and phyto-S1P. It does not act on ceramide 1-phosphate, lysophosphatidic acid or phosphatidic acid. By converting S1P to sphingosine, which is readily metabolised to ceramide by ceramide synthase, the enzyme allows efficient recycling of sphingosine into the sphingolipid synthesis pathway. Together with sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2), it completes a phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cycle that returns sphingosine to ceramide, and it supports ceramide synthesis from exogenous sphingoid bases.
Because S1P acts both as an extracellular receptor ligand and as an intracellular second messenger, SGPP1 activity regulates diverse biological processes through intracellular S1P levels. The protein also regulates endoplasmic-to-Golgi trafficking of ceramides, affecting ceramide levels in the endoplasmic reticulum, preferentially long-chain species, and influencing anterograde transport of ceramide and proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. Through ceramide levels it modulates apoptosis. Via S1P, it also affects resting tone, intracellular Ca(2+) and myogenic vasoconstriction in resistance arteries, and it is involved in the unfolded protein response and ER stress-induced autophagy.
The SGPP1 gene encodes a member of the type 2 lipid phosphate phosphatase family and belongs to the HGNC group of sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatases; SGPP2 is a related family member. The protein localises to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and the cell membrane. Beyond lipid metabolism, SGPP1 is involved in the regulation of epidermal homeostasis and keratinocyte differentiation. Mouse and rat orthologs are both named Sgpp1.
SGPP1 recycles sphingosine into ceramide, making it a key enzyme for studying salvage of sphingoid bases and ceramide synthesis.
By controlling intracellular S1P, which acts as a receptor ligand and second messenger, SGPP1 is relevant to S1P-dependent processes.
SGPP1 is involved in the unfolded protein response and ER stress-induced autophagy through regulation of intracellular S1P levels.
SGPP1 contributes to epidermal homeostasis and keratinocyte differentiation, and to myogenic vasoconstriction in resistance arteries.
SGPP1 dephosphorylates sphingosine 1-phosphate to sphingosine, which ceramide synthase can convert to ceramide. This regulates intracellular S1P levels and supports sphingolipid recycling. It also affects ceramide transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus and, through ceramide levels, apoptosis.
The approved name is sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase 1, and no other aliases or previous symbols are listed by HGNC. It belongs to the type 2 lipid phosphate phosphatase family and the HGNC group of sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatases, which also includes SGPP2.
Mouse and rat both have an ortholog named Sgpp1, so the gene is studied in rodent models as well as in human systems. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatases and sphingolipid-metabolism targets with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q9BX95; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.