IFIT1
IFIT1 (interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1, also known as ISG56, GARG-16, G10P1, IFI56 and IFNAI1) is a cytoplasmic antiviral effector of the innate immune response. It recognises viral RNAs lacking host-type 5' cap methylation and suppresses their translation. Browse Assay Genie's current range of IFIT1 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
IFIT1 plays a key role in innate immunity as part of an interferon-dependent multiprotein complex. It recognises and sequesters viral RNAs that lack host-specific 2'-O-methylation at their 5' cap. By distinguishing these RNAs from host mRNAs, it inhibits their translation, competing with the translation initiation factor eIF4E. The protein may also limit viral replication through its interaction with the DNA replication origin-binding protein E1 of several viruses, causing E1 to move from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and inhibiting its helicase activity in vitro.
UniProt records antiviral activity for IFIT1 against many viruses, including members of the Flaviviridae (West Nile virus, Dengue virus, hepatitis C virus), Coronaviridae (human 229E coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV), Poxviridae (vaccinia virus) and Togaviridae (Sindbis virus). The protein belongs to the IFIT family and contains tetratricopeptide repeats; HGNC places the gene in the tetratricopeptide repeat domain containing group. The mouse ortholog is Ifit1.
The IFIT1 gene was originally identified as induced upon interferon treatment, which accounts for the alias ISG56 (interferon-stimulated gene 56). According to NCBI Gene, it lies in a cluster on chromosome 10 with five other closely related genes, and a pseudogene exists on chromosome 13. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed. Its previous HGNC name was interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1.
IFIT1 acts as an interferon-dependent effector that senses non-self viral RNA and blocks its translation.
It discriminates viral RNAs lacking 2'-O-methylation at the 5' cap from host mRNAs, making it a model for self versus non-self RNA discrimination.
IFIT1 competes with eIF4E to inhibit translation of target RNAs, linking interferon signalling to translational initiation.
Activity against flaviviruses, coronaviruses, poxviruses and togaviruses makes IFIT1 relevant to studies of host restriction of diverse viruses.
IFIT1 is an interferon-induced antiviral protein. It recognises and sequesters viral RNAs that lack 2'-O-methylation at the 5' cap, then inhibits their translation by competing with eIF4E. It may also act on the E1 replication protein of several viruses.
IFIT1 is also called ISG56, GARG-16, G10P1, IFI56 and IFNAI1. The HGNC name is interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1, and UniProt lists it as antiviral innate immune response effector IFIT1. NCBI Gene notes multiple isoforms from alternative splicing.
A mouse ortholog, Ifit1, is recorded for human IFIT1. IFIT1 belongs to the IFIT family, and its gene sits in a cluster with five closely related genes on human chromosome 10. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other interferon-induced antiviral proteins with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P09914; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.