CYGB
CYGB (cytoglobin, also known as HGB or STAP) is a hexacoordinate globin found in vertebrate cells. It is a probable multifunctional heme protein linked to nitric oxide metabolism and protection against oxidative stress rather than to respiratory oxygen transport. Browse Assay Genie's current range of CYGB research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
CYGB is a probable multifunctional globin with a hexacoordinated heme iron. The heme is required to catalyse a range of reactions that depend on the redox condition of the cell and on oxygen availability. Under normoxic conditions the protein acts as a nitric oxide dioxygenase (NOD), and it is most probably involved in cell-mediated, oxygen-dependent nitric oxide consumption. By scavenging this second messenger, it may regulate processes that include endothelium-mediated vasodilation and vascular tone.
Under hypoxic conditions the globin may switch to a nitrite reductase (NiR) function, generating nitric oxide. CYGB could also have peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, detoxifying reactive oxygen species and protecting cells against oxidative stress. It binds dioxygen with low affinity and could act as an oxygen sensor, but it probably has no role as a respiratory oxygen carrier. Researchers studying the CYGB protein therefore focus on redox and nitric oxide biology rather than oxygen delivery.
The CYGB gene encodes a globin found in vertebrate cells, and the protein is localised to the cytoplasm and nucleus. NCBI describes it as a hexacoordinate haemoglobin, which binds ligand differently from the pentacoordinate haemoglobins involved in oxygen transport. HGNC places it in the globin family and among the oxygenases. The gene lies on chromosome 17 in the same region as a retinal gene mutated in progressive rod-cone degeneration, but in the opposite orientation. Mouse and rat orthologs are both named Cygb.
CYGB has nitric oxide dioxygenase activity and is most probably involved in oxygen-dependent nitric oxide consumption by cells.
By scavenging nitric oxide, CYGB may influence endothelium-mediated vasodilation and vascular tone.
CYGB could have peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, detoxifying reactive oxygen species and protecting cells.
Under hypoxia CYGB may switch to nitrite reductase activity, and it may act as an oxygen sensor.
CYGB is a probable multifunctional heme globin. Under normoxia it acts as a nitric oxide dioxygenase, consuming nitric oxide, while under hypoxia it may act as a nitrite reductase. It may also detoxify reactive oxygen species and protect cells from oxidative stress.
CYGB is the HGNC symbol for cytoglobin. The aliases HGB and STAP are also used. Cytoglobin is a member of the globin family and is described as a hexacoordinate haemoglobin, distinct from the pentacoordinate haemoglobins that transport oxygen.
Orthologs exist in mouse and rat, both named Cygb, and NCBI describes the globin as found in vertebrate cells. CYGB binds dioxygen with low affinity and probably does not act as a respiratory oxygen carrier. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other globins, nitric oxide pathway proteins, antioxidant enzymes and hypoxia markers with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q8WWM9; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.