PSMA2
PSMA2 (proteasome 20S subunit alpha 2; also known as MU, HC3 and PMSA2) is an alpha subunit of the 20S core proteasome, the protease complex that degrades most intracellular proteins. It is a member of the peptidase T1A family. Browse Assay Genie's current range of PSMA2 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
PSMA2 is a component of the 20S core proteasome complex, which is involved in the proteolytic degradation of most intracellular proteins. The 20S core associates with different regulatory particles to perform distinct roles. Together with two 19S regulatory particles it forms the 26S proteasome, which carries out ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. In this form the proteasome maintains protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins that could impair cellular functions, and by removing proteins whose functions are no longer required.
When the 20S proteasome associates with PA200 or PA28 instead, it mediates ubiquitin-independent protein degradation. This type of proteolysis is required in several pathways, including spermatogenesis (the 20S-PA200 complex) and the generation of a subset of MHC class I-presented antigenic peptides (the 20S-PA28 complex).
The PSMA2 gene encodes a member of the peptidase T1A family and a 20S core alpha subunit. The 20S core is a highly ordered, ring-shaped structure made up of four rings of 28 non-identical subunits: two rings of seven alpha subunits and two rings of seven beta subunits. Proteasomes are found at high concentration throughout eukaryotic cells and cleave peptides in an ATP- and ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. The PSMA2 protein is found in the cytoplasm and nucleus. HGNC lists it in the proteasome gene group, and earlier names include proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, alpha type, 2. Mouse and rat both carry a Psma2 ortholog.
PSMA2 is part of the 26S proteasome, which removes misfolded, damaged or no-longer-needed proteins and so maintains cellular protein homeostasis.
As a 20S core alpha subunit, PSMA2 supports study of ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins by the 26S proteasome.
The 20S-PA28 complex generates a subset of MHC class I-presented antigenic peptides, linking PSMA2 to immunoproteasome and antigen-processing research.
Ubiquitin-independent degradation by the 20S-PA200 complex is required in spermatogenesis, making PSMA2 relevant to studies of proteasome regulatory particles.
PSMA2 is a structural alpha subunit of the 20S core proteasome. With 19S regulatory particles it forms the 26S proteasome, which degrades ubiquitinated proteins in an ATP-dependent manner. With PA200 or PA28 the 20S core mediates ubiquitin-independent degradation.
PSMA2 is also known as MU, HC3 and PMSA2. Its UniProt name is proteasome subunit alpha type-2, and earlier names include proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, alpha type, 2 and proteasome subunit alpha 2.
Mouse and rat each have a Psma2 ortholog. Proteasomes are present throughout eukaryotic cells, and the 20S core always contains seven alpha and seven beta subunits per ring pair. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other 20S proteasome alpha subunits and related proteasome targets with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P25787; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.