RGS19
RGS19, also known as GAIP or RGSGAIP, is a member of the regulators of G-protein signalling family. It acts as a GTPase-activating protein that switches off signalling by G protein alpha subunits. Browse Assay Genie's current range of RGS19 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
RGS19 inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits, driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form. In this way it functions as a guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein that down-regulates Galpha i/Galpha q-linked signalling. It binds members of the G-alpha subfamily 1 with a defined order of preference: G(i)a3 > G(i)a1 > G(o)a >> G(z)a/G(i)a2. Its activity on G(z)-alpha is inhibited by phosphorylation and palmitoylation of the G protein.
The RGS19 gene encodes a protein of the RGS (regulators of G-protein signalling) family, and the protein is annotated as membrane-associated. NCBI describes it as specifically interacting with the G protein GAI3. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found, and they encode the same protein isoform. The mouse and rat orthologs are both named Rgs19, which allows the protein to be studied in common rodent models.
RGS19 is listed by HGNC within the regulators of G-protein signalling group and also among microRNA protein coding host genes. The alias GAIP is widely used in the literature alongside the approved symbol, and the earlier spellings of the full name (G-protein signalling) appear as previous names. Because G proteins mediate a number of cellular processes, RGS19 is a useful entry point for studying how G protein signalling is terminated.
RGS19 accelerates GTP hydrolysis by G alpha subunits, making it a direct regulator of how long G protein signals persist.
It down-regulates Galpha i/Galpha q-linked signalling, so it is relevant to studies of receptor pathways coupled to these G proteins.
Its graded preference for G(i)a3, G(i)a1 and G(o)a over G(z)a and G(i)a2 supports work on RGS–G alpha specificity.
Phosphorylation and palmitoylation of G(z)-alpha inhibit RGS19 activity, linking lipid and phosphate modification to signal control.
RGS19 inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits, pushing them into the inactive GDP-bound state. It down-regulates Galpha i/Galpha q-linked signalling and binds G(i)a3 most strongly among the G-alpha subfamily 1 members.
Yes. GAIP and RGSGAIP are aliases of RGS19, the approved HGNC symbol for regulator of G protein signalling 19. Alternative splicing of the gene yields transcript variants that encode the same protein isoform, so the names refer to one protein.
Mouse and rat both carry an ortholog named Rgs19, so the target can be studied in common rodent models. As with any reagent, check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other regulators of G-protein signalling family members that also modulate G alpha activity.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P49795; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.