TWSG1
TWSG1 (twisted gastrulation BMP signalling modulator 1, also known as TSG) is a secreted protein that modulates bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling. It can act as both an antagonist and a promoter of BMP activity, depending on context. Browse Assay Genie's current range of TWSG1 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
TWSG1 is a secreted modulator of BMP signalling. It seems to antagonise BMP signalling by forming ternary complexes with chordin (CHRD) and BMPs, which prevents the BMPs from binding to their receptors. TWSG1 also has pro-BMP activity. This is partly mediated by cleavage and degradation of CHRD, which releases BMPs from the ternary complexes. The net effect of the TWSG1 protein therefore depends on the molecular setting in which it acts.
The protein is encoded by the TWSG1 gene and belongs to the twisted gastrulation protein family. UniProt lists its subcellular location as secreted. The NCBI Gene summary describes transforming growth factor beta binding activity, and places the protein in the centrosome and cytosol. It also links the gene to positive regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signalling, and to negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation and of cytokine production.
TWSG1 may be involved in dorsoventral axis formation, and may be an important modulator of BMP-regulated cartilage development and chondrocyte differentiation. It may also play a role in thymocyte development. The gene was previously named twisted gastrulation homolog 1 (Drosophila), and the mouse ortholog is Twsg1. This makes TWSG1 a useful subject for studies of how extracellular BMP availability is controlled.
TWSG1 both blocks and promotes BMP activity through its interactions with CHRD and BMPs, making it a key node for studying extracellular BMP regulation.
TWSG1 may be an important modulator of BMP-regulated cartilage development and chondrocyte differentiation.
TWSG1 may be involved in dorsoventral axis formation, linking BMP modulation to early patterning.
TWSG1 may play a role in thymocyte development and is linked to negative regulation of CD4-positive T cell proliferation.
TWSG1 modulates BMP signalling. It seems to antagonise BMPs by forming ternary complexes with CHRD and BMPs, which stops them binding their receptors. It also has pro-BMP activity, partly by cleaving and degrading CHRD, which releases BMPs from those complexes.
The HGNC name is twisted gastrulation BMP signalling modulator 1, and UniProt calls the protein twisted gastrulation protein homolog 1. The alias TSG is also used. The previous name was twisted gastrulation homolog 1 (Drosophila). The gene belongs to the twisted gastrulation family.
A mouse ortholog, Twsg1, is recorded for the human gene. The name of the family reflects the original Drosophila twisted gastrulation gene. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
BMP ligands, chordin and other TGF-beta superfamily signalling targets that act alongside TWSG1.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q9GZX9; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.