PLA2G10
PLA2G10 (phospholipase A2 group X, also known as GXPLA2) is a secreted, calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that hydrolyses the sn-2 fatty acyl bond of phospholipids, mainly in extracellular membranes and lipoproteins. It releases free fatty acids and lysophospholipids that feed into lipid mediator pathways. Browse Assay Genie's current range of PLA2G10 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
PLA2G10 is a secretory, calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that acts mainly on extracellular phospholipids. It cleaves the ester bond of the fatty acyl group at the sn-2 position, with a preference for phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylglycerols over phosphatidylethanolamines. It preferentially releases omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acyl chains rather than saturated ones. The products, free fatty acids and lysophospholipids, include arachidonic acid, which supports the production of inflammatory lipid mediators such as prostaglandins and cysteinyl leukotrienes.
The enzyme remodels phospholipids in VLDL, LDL and HDL particles. In LDL, the unsaturated fatty acids it releases regulate macrophage differentiation towards foam cells. It also hydrolyses and inactivates platelet activating factor, a lipid mediator found in oxidised LDL. Tissue-specific roles are described in the source annotation. Lung epithelium secretes PLA2G10, which acts on membrane phospholipids of infiltrating eosinophils and boosts eicosanoid synthesis in airway inflammation. Gut epithelium secretes it to hydrolyse dietary and biliary phosphatidylcholines. Inside intestinal stem cells it inhibits Wnt signalling and supports Paneth-like cell differentiation. When secreted during inflammation, it promotes prostaglandin E2 synthesis, which stimulates Wnt signalling and tissue regeneration. Further reported roles include hair follicle morphogenesis, sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction through lysophosphatidylcholine release, and possible neurite outgrowth in nociceptive fibres.
PLA2G10 also contributes to host defence. It shows bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria by hydrolysing bacterial membrane phospholipids. In pulmonary epithelium it may limit adenoviral infection by releasing C16:0 lysophosphatidylcholines that inhibit virus-mediated membrane fusion. It belongs to the phospholipase A2 family and is encoded by the PLA2G10 gene, which produces multiple transcript variants. At least one encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to the mature enzyme. NCBI notes it may promote breast cancer cell survival through lipid metabolism. It is found in secreted form, in lysosomes and in the sperm acrosome.
PLA2G10 remodels phospholipids in VLDL, LDL and HDL, and its LDL hydrolysis products regulate macrophage differentiation towards foam cells.
Lung epithelial PLA2G10 acts on eosinophil membranes, releasing arachidonate and boosting eicosanoid and cysteinyl leukotriene synthesis.
PLA2G10 regulates Wnt signalling in intestinal stem cells and supports Paneth-like differentiation, with prostaglandin E2 linked to regeneration after inflammation.
The enzyme hydrolyses bacterial membrane phospholipids and may limit adenoviral entry, making it relevant to pathogen clearance studies.
PLA2G10 is a secreted calcium-dependent phospholipase A2. It hydrolyses the sn-2 fatty acyl chain of phospholipids, releasing fatty acids such as arachidonate and lysophospholipids. These products feed lipid mediator synthesis, lipoprotein remodelling, gut and airway physiology, and defence against bacteria and adenovirus.
The gene is also called GXPLA2, and its previous name was phospholipase A2, group X. UniProt names the protein group 10 secretory phospholipase A2. NCBI reports multiple transcript variants, and at least one encodes a preproprotein that is processed into the mature enzyme.
Yes. Mouse and rat both have a Pla2g10 ortholog, so the enzyme can be studied in rodent models. Human PLA2G10 belongs to the phospholipase A2 family. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other phospholipase A2 family members and related lipid-metabolism targets with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt O15496; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.