The Human Glucokinase (GCK) ELISA Kit is a highly precise tool for measuring levels of glucokinase in human samples, including serum, plasma, and cell culture supernatants. With its exceptional sensitivity and specificity, this kit ensures dependable and consistent results, making it an excellent choice for various research applications.Glucokinase, an enzyme crucial for glucose metabolism, plays a significant role in regulating blood sugar levels and energy production in the body. Dysregulation of glucokinase activity is associated with conditions such as diabetes and metabolic disorders, highlighting its importance as a biomarker for studying these diseases and developing potential treatments.
By utilizing the Human Glucokinase ELISA Kit, researchers can accurately quantify glucokinase levels in human samples, enabling a thorough investigation of its role in health and disease. This kit provides the reliability and accuracy needed for cutting-edge research in the fields of diabetes, metabolism, and related disorders.
Product Name:
Human Glucokinase (GCK) ELISA Kit
SKU:
HUEB0790
Size:
96T
Target:
Human Glucokinase (GCK)
Synonyms:
Glucokinase, Hexokinase type IV, Hexokinase-D, HK IV, HK4
Assay Type:
Sandwich
Detection Method:
ELISA
Reactivity:
Human
Detection Range:
78-5000pg/mL
Sensitivity:
45pg/mL
Intra CV:
6.7%
Inter CV:
10.4%
Linearity:
Sample
1:2
1:4
1:8
1:16
Serum(N=5)
112-120%
100-110%
105-116%
103-111%
EDTA Plasma(N=5)
100-109%
90-98%
100-110%
112-124%
Heparin Plasma(N=5)
101-110%
84-94%
105-114%
94-103%
Recovery:
Sample Type
Average(%)
Recovery Range(%)
Serum
101
95-107
Plasma
103
97-109
Function:
Catalyzes the phosphorylation of hexose, such as D-glucose, D-fructose and D-mannose, to hexose 6-phosphate (D-glucose 6-phosphate, D-fructose 6-phosphate and D-mannose 6-phosphate, respectively) (PubMed:7742312, PubMed:11916951, PubMed:15277402, PubMed:17082186, PubMed:18322640, PubMed:19146401, PubMed:25015100, PubMed:8325892). Compared to other hexokinases, has a weak affinity for D-glucose, and is effective only when glucose is abundant (By similarity). Mainly expressed in pancreatic beta cells and the liver and constitutes a rate-limiting step in glucose metabolism in these tissues (PubMed:18322640, PubMed:25015100, PubMed:8325892, PubMed:11916951, PubMed:15277402). Since insulin secretion parallels glucose metabolism and the low glucose affinity of GCK ensures that it can change its enzymatic activity within the physiological range of glucose concentrations, GCK acts as a glucose sensor in the pancreatic beta cell (By similarity). In pancreas, plays an important role in modulating insulin secretion (By similarity). In liver, helps to facilitate the uptake and conversion of glucose by acting as an insulin-sensitive determinant of hepatic glucose usage (By similarity). Required to provide D-glucose 6-phosphate for the synthesis of glycogen (PubMed:8878425). Mediates the initial step of glycolysis by catalyzing phosphorylation of D-glucose to D-glucose 6-phosphate (PubMed:7742312).
Uniprot:
P35557
Sample Type:
Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids
Specificity:
Natural and recombinant human Hexokinase-4
Sub Unit:
Monomer (PubMed:15016359, PubMed:19362831, PubMed:23957911). Interacts with MIDN; the interaction occurs preferentially at low glucose levels and results in inhibition of hexokinase activity (PubMed:24187134). Interacts with GCKR; leading to sequestration in the nucleus (PubMed:10456334).
Research Area:
Metabolism
Subcellular Location:
Cytoplasm Nucleus Mitochondrion Under low glucose concentrations, GCK associates with GCKR and the inactive complex is recruited to the hepatocyte nucleus.
Storage:
Please see kit components below for exact storage details
glucokinase; HK IV; hexokinase-4; hexokinase-D; hexokinase type IV; hexokinase D, pancreatic isozyme; ATP:D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase
UniProt Protein Name:
Glucokinase
UniProt Synonym Protein Names:
Hexokinase type IV; HK IV; Hexokinase-4; HK4; Hexokinase-D
UniProt Gene Name:
GCK
UniProt Entry Name:
HXK4_HUMAN
Component
Quantity (96 Assays)
Storage
ELISA Microplate (Dismountable)
8×12 strips
-20°C
Lyophilized Standard
2
-20°C
Sample Diluent
20ml
-20°C
Assay Diluent A
10mL
-20°C
Assay Diluent B
10mL
-20°C
Detection Reagent A
120µL
-20°C
Detection Reagent B
120µL
-20°C
Wash Buffer
30mL
4°C
Substrate
10mL
4°C
Stop Solution
10mL
4°C
Plate Sealer
5
-
Other materials and equipment required:
Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
Incubator
Deionized or distilled water
Absorbent paper
Buffer resevoir
*Note: The below protocol is a sample protocol. Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.
Allow all reagents to reach room temperature (Please do not dissolve the reagents at 37°C directly). All the reagents should be mixed thoroughly by gently swirling before pipetting. Avoid foaming. Keep appropriate numbers of strips for 1 experiment and remove extra strips from microtiter plate. Removed strips should be resealed and stored at -20°C until the kits expiry date. Prepare all reagents, working standards and samples as directed in the previous sections. Please predict the concentration before assaying. If values for these are not within the range of the standard curve, users must determine the optimal sample dilutions for their experiments. We recommend running all samples in duplicate.
Step
1.
Add Sample: Add 100µL of Standard, Blank, or Sample per well. The blank well is added with Sample diluent. Solutions are added to the bottom of micro ELISA plate well, avoid inside wall touching and foaming as possible. Mix it gently. Cover the plate with sealer we provided. Incubate for 120 minutes at 37°C.
2.
Remove the liquid from each well, don't wash. Add 100µL of Detection Reagent A working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing. Incubate for 1 hour at 37°C. Note: if Detection Reagent A appears cloudy warm to room temperature until solution is uniform.
3.
Aspirate each well and wash, repeating the process three times. Wash by filling each well with Wash Buffer (approximately 400µL) (a squirt bottle, multi-channel pipette,manifold dispenser or automated washer are needed). Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential. After the last wash, completely remove remaining Wash Buffer by aspirating or decanting. Invert the plate and pat it against thick clean absorbent paper.
4.
Add 100µL of Detection Reagent B working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Incubate for 60 minutes at 37°C.
5.
Repeat the wash process for five times as conducted in step 3.
6.
Add 90µL of Substrate Solution to each well. Cover with a new Plate sealer and incubate for 10-20 minutes at 37°C. Protect the plate from light. The reaction time can be shortened or extended according to the actual color change, but this should not exceed more than 30 minutes. When apparent gradient appears in standard wells, user should terminatethe reaction.
7.
Add 50µL of Stop Solution to each well. If color change does not appear uniform, gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing.
8.
Determine the optical density (OD value) of each well at once, using a micro-plate reader set to 450 nm. User should open the micro-plate reader in advance, preheat the instrument, and set the testing parameters.
9.
After experiment, store all reagents according to the specified storage temperature respectively until their expiry.
When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.
Sample Type
Protocol
Serum
If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Plasma
Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit.
Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid
Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid.
Cell culture supernatant
Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately.
Cell lysates
Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Tissue homogenates
The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C.
Tissue lysates
Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Breast Milk
Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles.
