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What is the difference between PBS and dPBS?(Post)
Lab Buffers · ProtocolsPBS vs DPBS: What’s the Difference?PBS and DPBS are the everyday isotonic, pH-balanced salt solutions used to wash, dilute and transport cells and proteins. This guide bre
Reprogramming Regulatory T Cells: A Breakthrough in Cancer Immunotherapy(Post)A New Dawn in Cancer Treatment: Reprogramming the Immune System's Own Soldiers For decades, the fight against cancer has been a relentless battle of attrition, with treatments like chemotherapy and r
Mouse Multiplex ELISA Panels(Page)Mouse Multiplex ELISA & Cytokine Assay Panels | Assay Genie
In Vivo CAR-T Engineering: The Dawn of Off-the-Shelf Immunotherapy(Post)Imagine a future where cancer treatment isn't a grueling, months-long process involving cell extraction and reinfusion, but a simple, targeted injection that reprograms your body's own immune cells t
TA Cloning(Page) Biosimilar Antibodies(Page) Phosphatases and PTP1B – Mini review(Post)IntroductionThe human kinome is estimated to contain 518 genes, in comparison to the estimated 180 genes that comprise the phosphatome (Arena et al., 2005). These kinase genes represent a signif
Toll-like Receptor Signalling in Neurodegenerative Disease(Post)Toll-Like Receptors The innate immune response has come under the spotlight in recent years due to its central role in propagating the pathogen
Galectin Therapeutics(Post)Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, irreversible and ultimately fatal disease characterized by prog
29 PhD Thesis Writing Tips(Post)Explore 29 essential tips for crafting a compelling and well-structured PhD thesis, blending effective writing practices with time management and academic rigor for a successful dissertation journ
How Furin and ACE2 Interact with the Spike on SARS-CoV-2(Post)What is the Coronavirus Spike Protein? COVID-19, the newest coronavirus to gain international attention, is caused by severe acute respirator
Red Blood Cell Peroxidase Interference in Competitive ELISA(Post)QUICK ANSWER A researcher ran a competitive 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) ELISA on red blood cell (RBC) lysate. The standard curve was textbook, yet every lysate sample read at th
Exosomes: Tiny Messengers Revolutionizing Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy(Post)In the intricate world of cancer biology, a silent conversation is constantly unfolding between tumor cells and their environment. For decades, we viewed this dialogue as a one-way street, with cancer
Autophagy in Focus: Molecular Mechanisms and Functional Insights(Post)Autophagy, a fundamental cellular process, plays an indispensable role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and ensuring the efficient recycling of cellular components. Through this p
CRISPR-Powered Light Sensors: A New Frontier in Ultra-Sensitive Cancer Detection(Post)Cancer detection often relies on advanced imaging or invasive procedures, frequently catching the disease at later, more challenging stages. Imagine a future where a simple, non-invasive test could s
Physiological and Pathological functions of IL-36(Post)By Charlotte O'Donnell PhD Similar to IL-33, IL-36R ligands are involved in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Analogous to IL-33, d is locali
Schwann Cells: Specialized Cells that Support Nerve Function(Post)Schwann cells are cells that play a vital role in nerve function. They are responsible for myelinating axons and helping to ensure the transmission of electrical signals between neurons. Schwann c
Converting RPM to G-force in Centrifugation(Post)Lab Methods · CentrifugationRPM to G-Force (RCF) Conversion: Formula, Calculator Method and Common ErrorsA protocol that says “spin at 3,000 rpm” is incomplete, because the force a sample experiences
Fluorescence spectroscopy: An early detection tool for cancer.(Post)Millions of people are afflicted with cancer each year. 2016 statistics for the USA alone show over half a million deaths attributed to cancer 1. We have come a long way from our early underst
What is RNAi? All You Need to Know(Post)Molecular Biology · Gene SilencingWhat is RNAi? A Complete Guide to RNA InterferenceRNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved biological process in which small double-stranded RNA molecules silence gene
Insulin Signaling and RTK: An Overview(Post)Cell Signalling · MetabolismInsulin Signalling & Receptor Tyrosine KinasesInsulin controls metabolism and growth through the insulin receptor — a receptor tyrosine kinase that branches into the
The role of IFN gamma in inflammation, cancer and autoimmune disease(Post)Immunology · CytokinesIFN-gamma: Signalling, Function and Roles in Inflammation, Cancer and AutoimmunityInterferon gamma is the sole type II interferon and one of the most consequential cytokines in i
Types of ELISA: Direct, Indirect, Sandwich & Competitive Compared(Post)Written by Seán Mac Fhearraigh, PhD • Updated: 19 May 2026 • ~9 min read Quick Answer The five main types of ELISA are sandwich, competitive, direct, indirect and multiplex. Sandwich ELISA is
Transformation Protocol – Sample Transformation Protocols(Post)Introduction Transformation of bacteria with plasmids is not only of note for bacterial studies but also can be used for gene expression studies in mammalian cells. Most plasmids are of bact
What Are Oligodendrocytes? Functions, Markers & Disease Links(Post)Neuroscience · Glial CellsOligodendrocytes: Myelination, Lineage Markers and DiseaseOligodendrocytes are the myelinating glia of the central nervous system. A single oligodendrocyte can wrap segments
Exosomes - Discovery, Cargo, Biogenesis & Functions(Post)by Ryan Wallis, PhD student, QMUL, Blizard Institute The microscopic world of cell biology was first explored by Robert Hooke in the 17th century and published in his work, Microgra
Cell Death Pathways: Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Apoptosis Guide(Post)At Assay Genie we have created a comprehensive guide outlining everything you need to know about apoptosis! Key Takeaways: Apoptosis is a programmed cell death process, vital for tissue
BDNF in inflammation and neuropathologies(Post)BDNF Overview Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a central mediator of neuroplasticity, a term used to describe the ability of neurons
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Assays: An Insight into Molecular Interactions(Post)Methods · FluorescenceFRET Assays: Principle, Förster Radius and Measurement MethodsFRET transfers energy from an excited donor fluorophore to a nearby acceptor without emitting a photon, and the effi
Top 10 Therapeutics(Page) Serum vs Plasma: Key Differences & When to Use Each [Guide](Post)Sample Preparation · ImmunoassaySerum vs Plasma: Key Differences and When to Use EachSerum and plasma come from the same blood draw but are not interchangeable. One is collected after clotting, the ot
Guide to Western Blot Sample Preparation(Post)Protein Analysis · ProtocolsWestern Blot Sample Preparation: A Practical GuideMost failed Western blots fail before the gel is loaded. Lysis buffer choice, inhibitor selection, accurate protein quanti
Blood Coagulation Pathway: Factors, Cascade & Disorders [Guide](Post)Haematology · CoagulationBlood Coagulation Pathway: Factors, Cascade and DisordersThe coagulation cascade is usually taught as two pathways converging on a common one. That framework maps neatly onto
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMP) – Review(Post)Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMP) were first discovered in the 1960s by Dr.Marshall Urist, an orthopaedic surgeon at UCLA (Urist 1965). BMPs are classically associated with their roles in limb
Necrosis: Types, Causes, Symptoms & Prevention [2026 Guide](Post)Cell Biology · PathologyNecrosis: Types, Causes, Mechanisms and How It Is MeasuredNecrosis is cell death accompanied by membrane rupture and release of intracellular contents — which is what makes it
Apoptosis Unveiled: Your Complete Guide to Intrinsic & Extrinsic Pathways(Post)Cell Biology · Programmed Cell DeathApoptosis: Your Complete Guide to Intrinsic & Extrinsic PathwaysApoptosis is programmed cell death — the controlled, non-inflammatory removal of damaged or unwanted
Dendritic Cells - Markers, Activation & Subtypes(Post)Immunology · Antigen PresentationDendritic Cells: Markers, Activation and SubtypesDendritic cells are the professional antigen-presenting cells that decide whether an immune response happens at all. T
A Guide To Tau Proteins & Tauopathies(Post)Neuroscience · BiomarkersA Guide to Tau Proteins & TauopathiesTau keeps the neuronal cytoskeleton standing up. When its phosphorylation goes wrong, the same protein becomes the aggregate that defines
Wnt Signalling Pathway in Immunity(Post)What is Wnt Signalling? The Wnt signalling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that plays critical roles in the regulation of determining cell f