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For years, our understanding of cancer focused primarily on the tumor cells themselves and the immune system's response. However, a groundbreaking wave of research is revealing a startling truth: nerves, long considered mere conduits for pain or sensation, are actively co-opted by cancer to build a formidable 'neural shield,' driving resistance to even our most advanced immunotherapies. This paradigm shift is reshaping how we view the battle against cancer. Introduction Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, offering unprecedented hope for many patients by harnessing the body's own immune system to fight malignant cells. Yet, a significant challenge remains: a substantial portio …

For decades, we viewed cancer as a rogue army of cells, a biological glitch driven solely by genetic mutations and metabolic greed. We imagined tumors as isolated fortresses, growing in a vacuum of their own making. But a radical shift is underway. Scientists have discovered that tumors are not just passive lumps of tissue; they are active participants in the body’s most complex communication network: the nervous system. This is the dawn of cancer neuroscience. Introduction The field of oncology is currently undergoing a profound transformation as we move beyond a purely cell-centric view of malignancy. Historically, the nervous system was thought to be a bystander in the oncogenic process, …