Blog
​TNF alpha & Inflammation
TNF Alpha Overview
Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) is a 26 kDa transmembrane protein and a member of the TNF superfamily, with its 1
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8th Jun 2023
A Quick Guide to Myelin
The myelin sheath is an insulating layer around nerve cells. It is made up of a substance called myelin, which is produced by special cells called oligodendrocytes. Myelin protects the ner
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4th Aug 2022
Cytokine Storms: What happens when the immune system overreacts?
This article describes an account of a hyper activated immune response known as a cytokine storm. It contains infections and diseases implicated in cytokine storms such as SARS-CoV-
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1st Aug 2022
Gut Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases
This article contains an account of gut inflammation, describing methods in which the gut may become inflamed, markers of inflammation and inflammatory diseases. In addition, it des
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1st Aug 2022
Monoclonal Vs Polyclonal antibodies: Key features
This article describes monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, highlighting similarities and key differences. It further explores the applications of antibodies from research to pharma in di
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20th Jul 2022
An Overview of the glycoprotein GM-CSF
This article breaks down the glycoprotein Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) detailing its structure, function and therapeutic uses. It also describes its role in im
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20th Jul 2022
CXCL16 – Review
CXCL16/SR-POX gene has five exons, spans 6283 bp and is found on chromosome 17, position 17p13.2 (Huang et al., 2010) (genecards). CXCL16, also known as SR-PSOX, is a multi-functiona
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24th May 2022
NLRP3 Inflammasome & Cytokine Secretion
Nod-like receptors
Nod like receptors (NLRs) are a versatile family of relatively recently discovered intracellular receptors which have a br
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23rd May 2022
Dendritic Cells - Markers, Activation & Subtypes
What is a Dendritic Cell?
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a type of immune cell that acts as a messenger between the innate and adaptive immune sys
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9th May 2022
Macrophage, M1 & M2, Polarization and Function
What is a Macrophage?
Macrophages are a type of white blood cell of the immune system that engulfs and digests cellular debris, foreign subst
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14th Apr 2022
NK Cells, Markers & Function
What are NK Cells?
Natural Killer (NK) cells were first described in the mid-1970’s as a population of innate lymphocytes that were abl
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13th Apr 2022
T Cell Types, Activation, Polarization & Function
T Cell Types, Activation, Polarization & Function
A comprehensive guide to T cells!
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12th Apr 2022
C reactive protein
If you've been feeling under the weather, your doctor might have ordered a test to check for c-reactive proteins. But what are c-reactive proteins, and what do they do? In this blog
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25th Mar 2022
Monocytes: An Overview
Monocytes: An overview
Monocytes are a type of white blood cell that play an important role in the immune system. Monocytes are produced in the bone marrow, and they have several funct
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22nd Mar 2022
CD Markers Expression on B Cells
B cells are an important part of the immune system. They play a key role in immunity by producing antibodies that help fight off infection. One way to identify and study B cells is b
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16th Mar 2022
Mouse Monoclonal Antibody
Mouse monoclonal antibodies are a valuable tool in the biomedical field. They can be used for a variety of applications, from research to clinical diagnostics. In this blog post, we
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4th Mar 2022
Immunophenotyping of T Lymphocytes: A Guide
Estimated reading time: 5 minutes
T lymphocytes are type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system. There are many different types of T cells, and it is importa
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3rd Mar 2022
CD52 Expression
What is CD52?
Cluster Of Differentiation 52 (CD52) is a highly expressed membrane glycoprotein which is present on the surface of immune cell
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15th Feb 2022
CD31: A Comprehensive Look at an Essential Biomarker
What is CD31?
CD31, also known as PECAM-1, was originally described as a cell surface antigen present on platelets and megakaryocytes. CD31 is
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15th Feb 2022
What are MHC Class I and II molecules?
What are MHC Class I molecules?
The MHC class I is a glycoprotein that is expressed on all nucleated cells of the human body. MHC class I are
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18th Jan 2022
How do antibodies work?
Antibodies are a special class of Y shaped proteins that help guard your body from invading viruses and bacteria. They do this by either neutralizing the dangerous
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17th Jan 2022
What is an Antigen?
Antigen's are foreign molecules recognised by the immune system.
Antigens can be protein, carbohydrate, lipid or nucleic acid molecules.
Examples include viruses and bacteria as
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15th Jan 2022
chemokine receptors and ligands
Chemokines are highly conserved cytokines that control the movement of cells around the body. All 45 members of the chemokine family can be divided into 4 subfamilies depending on th
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1st Dec 2021
ST2 and IL33
ST2, a member of the IL-1R Subfamily
ST2 is a member of the IL-1R subfamily and was identified in 1989 [1]. The ST2 gene is located on chromoso
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7th Oct 2021