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Why do powerful cancer immunotherapies work wonders for some patients but fail for others? The answer may lie not just in the cancer cells themselves, but in the energy levels of our own immune warriors. T cells, the elite soldiers of our immune system, often run out of steam in the hostile environment of a tumor, a phenomenon known as 'exhaustion.' But what if we could recharge their batteries? Emerging research reveals that the metabolic fitness of T cells—specifically the health of their mitochondria—is a critical battleground in the war on cancer, and scientists are now learning how to turn the tide. Introduction Our immune system is constantly on patrol, with CD8+ T cells acting as spec …

What if our first line of immune defense, the innate immune system, could learn from past encounters to fight future battles more effectively? For decades, we believed this was the exclusive domain of adaptive immunity. But a groundbreaking concept is turning this dogma on its head, revealing a hidden layer of immune memory that could revolutionize medicine as we know it. Introduction For years, immunology textbooks have taught us that the innate immune system is a blunt, non-specific weapon, while the adaptive immune system, with its T and B cells, holds the key to long-term memory. This is why vaccines work and why we typically only get chickenpox once. However, a wave of recent research i …