10437 results for 'maker bind left'

Notch signalling pathway review The Notch signalling pathway is a highly conserved intercellular signalling pathway that regulates various cellular processes. The Notch receptor is a t ...

Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, play a pivotal role in the immune system's ability to recognize and neutralize pathogens. This comprehensive article delves into the structural and func ...

Tocilizumab (Actemra®) in COVID-19 Treatment What is Tocilizumab? Tocilizumab, also called atlizumab, is an immunosuppres ...

Antibody Struct ...

IQGAP1: IQ-motif containing GTPase-activating-like protein-1 reviewIQ motif-containing GTPase-activating-like protein-1 (IQGAP1) is a 190 KDa protein that belongs to a conserved family of s ...

In the intricate landscape of cellular communication, lies a sophisticated ...

Secondary antibodies are pivotal in the detection of target antigens in various immunodetection assays such as Western blotting, ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), and immunohistochemistr ...

Cell Signalling Cell signalling pathways have an important role in integrating a plethora of extracellular and intracellular signals to produce a controlled optimal ...

By Rachel Bleach, PhD Student, RCSI By the age of 79 years, 1 in 14 women will develop breast cancer (Global Burden of Disease Cancer 2017). Beatson reporte ...

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CB6, also known as Etesevimab, is a monoclonal antibody that targets the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. It neutralizes the virus by preventing it from bin ...

Spindle assembly checkpoint The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), or mitotic checkpoint, is the main cell cycle control mechanism that governs mitosis. Incorre ...

Immunoglobulin antibodies stand at the forefront of the immune defense system, offering a sophisticated mechanism for recognizing and neutralizing a vast array of pathogens, including bacteria, ...

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGFA) is a pivotal signaling protein involved in both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, processes essential for the formation of blood vessels during embryon ...

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMP) were first discovered in the 1960s by Dr.Marshall Urist, an orthopaedic surgeon at UCLA (Urist 1965). BMPs are classically associated with their roles in limb ...

Mouse monoclonal antibodies are a valuable tool in the biomedical field. They can be used for a variety of applications, from research to clinical diagnostics. In this blog post, we ...

The tau protein is a hot topic in the scientific world right now. This little-known protein has been linked to Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other neurodegenerative dise ...

What You Need to Know About TocilizumabWhat is Tocilizumab?Tocilizumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets the interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor, widely used for managing autoimmune and i ...

Introduction Discover the multifaceted role of CD33, a critical player in immune function and disease, shaping our approach to treating cancers and neurodegenerative condition ...

Flow cytometry stands as a pivotal technique in the realms of molecular biology and immunology, enabling the analysis of physical and chemical characteristics of cells or particles as they flow i ...

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Structure, Function, and Detection Assays for COVID-2019 Background The global spread of the novel co ...

By Dr. Lisa Dwane, Postdoctoral Researcher, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland The first link between estrogen and breast cancer was made in the ...

Antigen's are foreign molecules recognised by the immune system. Antigens can be protein, carbohydrate, lipid or nucleic acid molecules. Examples include viruses and bacteria as well as f ...

What is Hepatocyte Growth Factor? Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a cytokine that is mainly produced by the liver. HGF is a pleiotrophic cytokine that regulates cell growth, motili ...

What is VEGF? Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (VEGFs) are a group of homodimeric polypeptides, and are master regulators of vascular development, maintenance and ...

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Endocrinology · ImmunologyCortisol and the Immune ResponseCortisol is the body’s primary stress hormone — a glucocorticoid released by the adrenal gland that powerfully shapes the immune system. Acti ...

Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, stand as critical components of the immune system, orchestrating the identification and neutralization of pathogens like viruses and bacteria. This extensive arti ...

In the realm of immunology, the terms "immunoglobulin" and "antibody" often find themselves used interchangeably, sparking confusion among those keen on understanding the immune system's fine det ...

Kinases, key enzymes in cellular signaling, phosphorylate proteins to regulate crucial processes, and their modulation has significant implications in disease treatment. Key Takeaways: K ...

Quick Facts About LorvotuzumabWhat is Lorvotuzumab?Lorvotuzumab is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) designed to target CD56, a surface antigen commonly overexpressed in neuroendocrine t ...

Growth factors play a vital role in the complex web of biological processes, serving as key regulators in various essential events. They exert significant influence over cruc ...

Phosphorothioate is a chemical modification commonly used in oligonucleotide-based therapies to enhance the stability and efficacy of therapeutic nucleic acids. In this modification, one ...

What is CD31? CD31, also known as PECAM-1, was originally described as a cell surface antigen present on platelets and megakaryocytes. CD31 is ...

HMGB1 Functional Overview High mobility group box 1 ( HMGB1), a member of the high-mobility group (HMG) family, was first identified in the thymus in 1973 a ...

p53, encoded by the TP53 gene on chromosome 17, is a fundamental protein safeguarding against tumor formation. It orchestrates cellular responses to DNA damage and stress, crucially managing cell ...

Quick Facts About GirentuximabWhat is Girentuximab?Girentuximab is a monoclonal antibody targeting carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), predominantly expressed in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) ce ...

Quick Facts About Tisotumab VedotinWhat is Tisotumab Vedotin?Tisotumab Vedotin (Tivdak™) is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) designed to target tissue factor (TF) and is FDA-approved fo ...

What You Need to Know About IndatuximabWhat is Indatuximab?Indatuximab ravtansine is an experimental monoclonal antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that targets CD138, a protein highly expres ...

ST2, a member of the IL-1R Subfamily ST2 is a member of the IL-1R subfamily and was identified in 1989 [1]. The ST2 gene is located on chromos ...

The flu is a highly contagious virus that affects the respiratory system. It can cause fever, muscle aches, and coughing. In some cases, it can lead to more serious health complicat ...

Exploring IL-18: A key cytokine in inflammation and disease. Key Takeaways: IL-18, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a pivotal role in immune responses, particularly in inducing Type II ...

By Charlotte O'Donnell PhD The genes of the IL-36 family members are located in a cluster on chromosome 2 [1]. All three activating ligands, IL-36α, IL-36β ...

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Western blotting is a powerful and widely used technique in molecular biology, essential for detecting and quantifying specific proteins in complex biological samples. However, despite its pop ...

The orchestration of angiogenesis, the process by which new blood vessels form from pre-existing ones, is a complex symphony regulated by various molecular players. At the forefront of this in ...

Written by Seán Mac Fhearraigh, PhD  •  Updated: 19 May 2026  •  ~9 min read Quick Answer The five main types of ELISA are sandwich, competitive, direct, indirect and multiple ...

Quick Facts About EnapotamabWhat is Enapotamab?Enapotamab is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) developed to target tumor cells selectively, offering new hope in cancer treat ...

Testing for COVID-19 Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the World Health Organisation have emphasised the crucial impor ...

Written by Seán Mac Fhearraigh, PhD  •  Updated: 19 May 2026  •  ~9 min read Quick Answer ELISA and Western Blot are both antibody-based protein detection methods. ELISA is f ...

The Interleukin-1 (IL-1) family represents a crucial group of signaling molecules that play a pivotal role in regulating the immune system and inflammatory responses. Comprising 11 members, in ...

Key Facts About DaratumumabWhat is Daratumumab?Daratumumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets CD38, a protein highly expressed on the surface of multiple myeloma cells.How does Darat ...

RIG-I: Antiviral Properties in COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection Key Points RIG-I is a cytosolic RNA ...

Written by Seán Mac Fhearraigh, PhD  •  Updated: 19 May 2026  •  ~10 min read Quick Answer A sandwich ELISA uses two antib ...

Key Facts About GemtuzumabWhat is Gemtuzumab?Gemtuzumab is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting CD33, a protein expressed on the surface of myeloid cells. It is widely recognized ...

Introduction to CD80 and Its Role in Immune Activation CD80 is a critical immune checkpoint molecule that plays an essential role in T cell activation through co-stimulatory pathway ...

What You Need to Know About DenosumabWhat is Denosumab?Denosumab is a monoclonal antibody used primarily to treat osteoporosis and bone-related complications in cancer patients. It targ ...

Western blotting, a cornerstone technique in molecular biology, biochemistry, and immunogenetics, is pivotal for detecting specific proteins in a sample. Its applications span various scientific ...

The Notch signaling pathway is a highly conserved cellular communication system that plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, ...

Quick Facts About ElotuzumabWhat is Elotuzumab?Elotuzumab is a monoclonal antibody designed to enhance the immune system's ability to detect and destroy multiple myeloma cells. It targe ...

Quick Facts About TidutamabWhat is Tidutamab?Tidutamab is a monoclonal antibody designed to target somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), a key protein involved in various neuroendocrine tumo ...

Quick Info Section: Key Facts About TalquetamabWhat is Talquetamab?Talquetamab is a novel monoclonal antibody being developed for the treatment of multiple myeloma and other cancers. It ...

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Quick Facts About PinatuzumabWhat is Pinatuzumab?Pinatuzumab is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) designed to target CD22, a protein highly expressed on B-cell malignancies, including no ...

MST2/Hippo PathwayMammalian Sterile Twenty (MST) pathways have been identified as a homologue of the ste20 kinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Creasy and Chernoff 1995). The MST2/Hippo pathwa ...

Delve into the world of C-reactive protein (CRP), a critical player in the body's response to inflammation, and understand its role in health and disease. Key Takeaways C-reacti ...

Key Facts About TalacotuzumabWhat is Talacotuzumab?Talacotuzumab is a monoclonal antibody designed to target CD123, a protein commonly found on the surface of certain blood cancer cells ...

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By Ciara Coleman PhD General Introduction Coeliac Disease (CD) is defined as a common, chronic inflammatory di ...

Quick Facts About ZilovertamabWhat is Zilovertamab?Zilovertamab is a monoclonal antibody targeting ROR1, a receptor tyrosine kinase overexpressed in hematologic cancers and solid tumors ...

Understanding the dynamics of sodium and potassium ions within biological systems is crucial for deciphering cellular processes and developing therapeutic strategies. Sodium and potassium indicat ...

Understanding Lag-3, Tim-3, and TIGIT: Key Players in T Cell RegulationThe immune system's ability to regulate T cell responses is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and combating diseases such as c ...

Introduction to CD155 in Cancer ImmunotherapyCD155, also known as Poliovirus Receptor (PVR), is a transmembrane protein that plays a pivotal role in tumor immune evasion. While CD155 is ...

Interleukin signaling is involved in a number of biological processes, including cell growth and differentiation, inflammation and immunity. Interleukins are glycoproteins which act on hem ...

A wide variety of cell surface receptors activate Ras GTPase, including the tyrosine receptor linked to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (Wells 1999). Upon receptor stimulation, son ...

B Cell Types, Antigen Recognition & Activation A comprehensive guide to B cells! Introduction B cells, a vital component of the immune system, ...

LATS kinases belong to a family of proteins that, in mammals, are comprised of two isoforms, LATS1 and LATS2. Originally identified in Drosophila melanogaster as Warts kinase, LATS1 and LATS2 s ...

Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in orchestrating various cellular processes, ranging from embryonic development to tissue homeostasis and immun ...

What is the Coronavirus Spike Protein? COVID-19, the newest coronavirus to gain international attention, is caused by severe acute respirato ...

Chemokines are small signaling proteins that play a crucial role in the immune system by directing the movement of cells, orchestrating immune responses, and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Th ...

Introduction to CD86 and Its Role in Immune Activation CD86 is a crucial co-stimulatory molecule that plays an essential role in T cell activation, driving the immune system’s abili ...

Key Facts About EtigilimabWhat is Etigilimab?Etigilimab is an anti-TIGIT monoclonal antibody being studied for its potential role in cancer immunotherapy.What role does Etigilimab play ...

Leukemia Inhibitory Factor and JAK-STAT Signalling Pathway Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a cytokine that belongs to the interleukin-6 (IL-6) family of cytokines. Other members of ...

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Platinum based cancer drugs Despite nearly 50% of all anti-cancer treatments being platinum-based, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutics ...

What You Need to Know About MilatuzumabWhat is Milatuzumab?Milatuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting CD74, a molecule involved in antigen presentation and cell signaling.

Quick Facts About ZolbetuximabWhat is Zolbetuximab?Zolbetuximab is a monoclonal antibody that targets Claudin 18.2, a protein overexpressed in gastric and pancreatic cancers, enhancing ...

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, irreversible and ultimately fatal disease characterized by pro ...

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CXCL16 CXCL16, a unique member of the CXC chemokine family, stands at the crossroads of immune modulation and vascular biology. Initially discovered as a che ...

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Co-immunoprecipitation Protocol A detailed guide of how Co-IP works, a step by step Co-IP protocol and some hints & tips for your Co-IP workflow! Introductio ...

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