10507 results for 'BMP-4'

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMP) were first discovered in the 1960s by Dr.Marshall Urist, an orthopaedic surgeon at UCLA (Urist 1965). BMPs are classically associated with their roles in limb ...

The Role of CTLA-4 in Breast Cancer: Implications for ImmunotherapyBreast cancer (BC) remains one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting women worldwide, with significant morbidity and mortalit ...

Oct-4 stem cells, also known as Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 stem cells, are a fascinating area of study in the field of stem cell research. These stem cells hold great promise due to t ...

CD Markers Cluster of Differentiation (CD) markers play an important role in the differentiation of B cells, T cells and NK (natural killer) c ...

Overview of Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major epidemic that affects over 347 million people worldwide (Danaei et al. 2011). The World He ...

Immunotherapy has become a central pillar in the fight against cancer, with a focus on enhancing the body’s natural defenses. Among the molecules at the forefront of immunotherapeutic re ...

What You Need to Know About IpilimumabWhat is Ipilimumab?Ipilimumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets CTLA-4, a protein involved in downregulating the immune system, to boost the bo ...

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the body's immune system to fight malignancies. Among the notable advancements in this field is the development of immune ...

Growth factors play a vital role in the complex web of biological processes, serving as key regulators in various essential events. They exert significant influence over cruc ...

What You Need to Know About LusvertikimabWhat is Lusvertikimab?Lusvertikimab is a monoclonal antibody designed to inhibit the IL-4 receptor, a key player in regulating immune responses, ...

Introduction to CD155 in Cancer ImmunotherapyCD155, also known as Poliovirus Receptor (PVR), is a transmembrane protein that plays a pivotal role in tumor immune evasion. While CD155 is ...

Introduction to CD80 and Its Role in Immune Activation CD80 is a critical immune checkpoint molecule that plays an essential role in T cell activation through co-stimulatory pathway ...

Introduction to CD86 and Its Role in Immune Activation CD86 is a crucial co-stimulatory molecule that plays an essential role in T cell activation, driving the immune system’s abili ...

In recent years, the field of oncology has witnessed a paradigm shift with the advent of immunotherapy, a treatment modality that harnesses the body's immune system to combat cancer. Among the mo ...

Quick Facts About UtomilumabWhat is Utomilumab?Utomilumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting 4-1BB (CD137), a co-stimulatory receptor on T-cells, designed to enhance anti-tumor immunity ...

The advent of immune checkpoint targeting marks a significant milestone in the oncological field, offering a beacon of hope for patients battling cancer. This innovative approach leverages the bo ...

What You Need to Know About DupilumabWhat is Dupilumab?Dupilumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody designed to treat various chronic inflammatory diseases by inhibiting key cytokines ...

Harnessing Immune-Checkpoint Inhibition for Cancer Prevention Immune-checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has emerged as a pivotal strategy in cancer therapy, particularly in the context of t ...

Quick Facts About EnfortumabWhat is Enfortumab Vedotin?Enfortumab vedotin is an innovative cancer therapy, primarily used in treating urothelial carcinoma (bladder cancer) that has not ...

Understanding the Functionality of a Hemocytometer Hemocytometers have be ...

Introduction to TNFRSF9 and Its Role in Immune ActivationTNFRSF9, also known as 4-1BB or CD137, is a co-stimulatory receptor expressed on the surface of T cells, natural killer (NK) cell ...

@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;600;700;800&display=swap'); .agp{--blue:#0072bc;--blue-d:#00528c;--accent:#2ba9e0;--ink:#1f2a37;--muted:#5b6b7b;--line:#e3eaee; ...

3D Organoid Cell Viability Assay (AKES081) effectively measures BENO model viability across different storage conditions. AKES081 detects significant viability differences, particularly ...

Immunotherapy has transformed the landscape of cancer treatment by leveraging the body’s immune system to target and destroy cancer cells. A key player in this process is Inducible T-cel ...

Introduction Claudins are a family of proteins that play a critical role in the formation of ...

TIGIT (T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains) has emerged as a promising target in cancer immunotherapy and the treatment of autoimmune diseases. As a checkpoint receptor, TIGIT ...

Recent advances in immunotherapy have highlighted the importance of targeting immune checkpoints to enhance the immune system’s ability to combat cancer. A new potential target in this g ...

@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;600;700;800&display=swap'); .agp{--blue:#0072bc;--blue-d:#00528c;--accent:#2ba9e0;--ink:#1f2a37;--muted:#5b6b7b;--line:#e3eaee; ...

Embryonic induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold immense potential in the field of regenerative medicine due to their ability to differentiate into various cell types. Understanding the diff ...

Hybridoma cells are essential tools for producing monoclonal antibodies and are derived by fusing B lymphocytes (antibody-producing cells) with myeloma cells (cancer cells) to achieve bo ...

Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized oncology, offering powerful new ways to treat various malignancies by harnessing the body's own immune system. Central to this success are immune checkpoint in ...

Understanding the immune system's intricacies requires models that accurately reflect its complexity. The rat, as a model organism, plays a crucial role in immunological research, particularly i ...

In recent years, cancer immunotherapy has become a powerful tool for treating various malignancies. One promising approach involves targeting the tumor microenvironment, particularly reg ...

V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is an emerging immune checkpoint receptor that plays a key role in suppressing T cell activity within the tumor microenvironment (TME) ...

Written by Seán Mac Fhearraigh, PhD  •  Updated: 19 May 2026  •  ~9 min read Quick Answer ELISA and Western Blot are both antibody-based protein detection methods. ELISA is f ...

Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR) is an immune checkpoint molecule that plays a crucial role in regulating T cell activation and survival. In recent years, GIT ...

By Eoin Mac Réamoinn Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are renowned for their fundamental roles in innate sensing and initiating inflammatory responses. TLR ...

Harnessing the immune system to fight cancer has become a pivotal strategy in modern oncology. A key component in this fight is CD27, a receptor that plays a crucial role in T-cell activ ...

By Charlotte O'Donnell PhD A role for IL-33 in Barrier Function and Epithelial Wound Healing ...

Toll-Like Receptors The innate immune response has come under the spotlight in recent years due to its central role in propagating the pathoge ...

T cells are central players in adaptive immunity, responsible for recognizing and eliminating infected or aberrant cells. Upon encountering antigens, T cells undergo clonal expansion and diffe ...

Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2–Related Factor 2 (NRF2) orchestrates a principal defense mechanism against oxidative stress and plays a pivotal role in inflammation and disease pathogenesis. This arti ...

By Catríona Dowling, Post-Doc, RCSI I want you to come on a journey with me where we are going to the botanic gardens. You will pick a section of the garden that is yours: yours to treasure ...

Flow Cytometry Protocol The meaning is in the name: Flow = in motion, Cyto = cells, Metry = measure. What is Flow Cytometry? Flow c ...

CD4+ T cells are central to the immune system, functioning as coordinators of immune responses and regulators of immune tolerance. These cells are divided into two primary subtypes: Help ...

@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;600;700;800&display=swap'); .agp{--blue:#0072bc;--blue-d:#00528c;--accent:#2ba9e0;--ink:#1f2a37;--muted:#5b6b7b;--line:#e3eaee; ...

Enhancing Cancer Research: Syngeneic Mouse Models and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors A quick guide to Syngeneic Mouse Models Syngeneic Mouse Models Cancer research has seen rem ...

Written by Seán Mac Fhearraigh, PhD  •  Updated: 19 May 2026  •  ~10 min read Quick Answer A sandwich ELISA uses two antib ...

Immunophenotyping, a cornerstone of modern immunology, involves identifying and characterizing cell populations based on their surface markers. This technique provides insights into the hetero ...

The recent advances in cancer immunotherapy have brought new opportunities to harness the body’s immune system against tumors. Among these advancements is the targeting of immune checkpo ...

Introduction to PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 in Cancer ImmunotherapyThe PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint pathway has been instrumental in cancer immunotherapy, with PD-1 (programmed death-1) inhib ...

Quick Facts About DurvalumabWhat is Durvalumab?Durvalumab (Imfinzi) is a PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitor used in immunotherapy to treat various cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer ...

The Notch signaling pathway is a highly conserved cellular communication system that plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, ...

Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized treatment options, offering strategies to harness the immune system to target and destroy tumors. One emerging area of interest is the use of OX40 ...

Clinical pathology labs play a crucial role in modern healthcare, providing critical diagnostic testing services for a wide array of diseases and conditions. These laboratories are desig ...

What is Cell Synchronisation? Cell synchronisation is a process by which cells at different stages of the cell cycle in a culture are brought to the same phase. Cell synchronisation is ...

By Sophie Arthur How many diseases and conditions do you think exist in this world? Thousands? Hundreds of thousands? Maybe even millions? Unfortunately, I don’t know the answer. But what ...

Dendritic cells (DCs) are pivotal in the immune system, orchestrating innate and adaptive immune responses. Understanding their developmental lineage pathway is crucial in immunology, particularl ...

Shane O’Grady, PhD student, RCSI Cancer is a disease that will, unfortunately, touch all of our lives at some point, directly or indirectly. Despite decades ...

Sweet Deception: How a New Antibody Therapy Unmasks Pancreatic Cancer Sweet Deception: How a New Antibody Therapy Unmasks Pancreatic Cancer Pancreatic can ...

By Charlotte O’Donnell PhD Inflammation and Cancer The link between inflammation and cancer is well established, with inf ...

Custom Multiplex Panels | 415+ Analytes, 5 Species | Assay Genie{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"%%GLOBAL_ShopPathSSL%%/custom-multiplex-panels#page","url": ...

Antibody Arrays Detect 7-274 proteins in 10 species! Perfect for biomarker discovery and validation studies! Browse by Research Area ...

window.SHOGUN_IMAGE_ELEMENTS = window.SHOGUN_IMAGE_ELEMENTS || new Array(); window.SHOGUN_IMAGE_ELEMENTS.push({ hoverImage: '', uuid: 's-08a0a ...

The ELISA Genie, Human Inflammation multiplex assays utilizes multiple bead populations differentiated by size and different levels of fluorescence intensity. With multiple sizes of bea ...

Human Multiplex Cytokine ELISA Panels | Assay Genie{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"%%GLOBAL_ShopPathSSL%%/human-multiplex-cytokine-elisa-panel#page","url": ...

Mouse Multiplex ELISA & Cytokine Assay Panels | Assay Genie{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"%%GLOBAL_ShopPathSSL%%/mouse-cytokine-multiplex-assays#page","ur ...

/* ===== Design tokens (matched to FAQ) ===== */ :root { --ink: #0f1419; --ink-soft: #3a4350; --ink-mute: #6b7785; --line: #e4e7ec; --line-soft: #f0f2f5; --bg: #fafaf7; ...

Scientechnic Co Ltd Tel: +971 4 203 57 77 Fax: +971 4 266 61 76 Email: contact@scientechnic.ae Website: https://www.scientechnic.com/ Address: ...

/* ===== Design tokens (matched to FAQ) ===== */ :root { --ink: #0f1419; --ink-soft: #3a4350; --ink-mute: #6b7785; --line: #e4e7ec; --line-soft: #f0f2f5; --bg: #fafaf7; ...

:root { --ink: #0f1419; --ink-soft: #3a4350; --ink-mute: #6b7785; --line: #e4e7ec; --line-soft: #f0f2f5; --bg: #fafaf7; --paper: #ffffff; --accent: #002FE1; /* Assay Genie bra ...

Scientechnic Co Ltd Tel: +971 4 203 57 77 Fax: +971 4 266 61 76 Email: contact@scientechnic.ae Website: https://www.scientechnic.com/ Address: ...

:root { --ink: #0f1419; --ink-soft: #3a4350; --ink-mute: #6b7785; --line: #e4e7ec; --line-soft: #f0f2f5; --bg: #fafaf7; --paper: #ffffff; --accent: #002FE1; /* Assay Genie bra ...

COVID-19 COVID-19, the newest coronavirus to gain international attention, is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The most common abbrev ...

#ag-pathway-root{ --ag-blue:#002FE1; --ag-cyan:#2196F3; --ag-ink:#131313; --ag-grey:#4B5563; --ag-line:#d7dee8; --ag-tint:#EFF6FF; font-family:"Barlow",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; color: ...

Scientechnic Co Ltd Tel: +971 4 203 57 77 Fax: +971 4 266 61 76 Email: contact@scientechnic.ae Website: https://www.scientechnic.com/ Address: ...

Co-stimulatory and Co-inhibitory Molecules in Adaptive Immunity The adaptive immune system is in part regulated by a vast array of co-stim ...

What is RIPA Buffer? RIPA (Radio Immuno Precipitation Assay) buffer is primarily used when conducting a western blot or immunoprecipatation assay. A RIPA buffer is used in order to l ...

免疫组织化学缓冲液与配方（IHC，中文） | Assay Genie{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"TechArticle","headline":"免疫组织化学 缓冲液与配方","inLanguage":"zh-Hans","url":"%%GLOBAL_ShopPathSSL%%/ihc-buffers-recipes ...

Co-immunoprecipitation Protocol A detailed guide of how Co-IP works, a step by step Co-IP protocol and some hints & tips for your Co-IP workflow! Introductio ...

#ag-pathway-root{ --ag-blue:#002FE1; --ag-cyan:#2196F3; --ag-ink:#131313; --ag-grey:#4B5563; --ag-line:#d7dee8; --ag-tint:#EFF6FF; font-family:"Barlow",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; color: ...

ELISpot 400x more sensitive than ELISA! Detection & Visualisation at the Single-Cell Level Explore ELISpot ...

    Chemokines   Key Research Areas       C Chemokine Ligands XCL1/Lymphot ...

ELISA Sampler Packs | 70+ Pathway & Disease Kit Packs | Assay Genie{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"%%GLOBAL_ShopPathSSL%%/elisa-sampler-packs#page","ur ...

#ag-pathway-root{ --ag-blue:#002FE1; --ag-cyan:#2196F3; --ag-ink:#131313; --ag-grey:#4B5563; --ag-line:#d7dee8; --ag-tint:#EFF6FF; font-family:"Barlow",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; color: ...

What is Subcellular Fractionation? Subcellular fractionation is the process of iIsolating nuclear, cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions of high purity from tissues. Subcellular fracti ...

Non-Human Primate (NHP) Multiplex ELISA & Cytokine Panels | Assay Genie{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"%%GLOBAL_ShopPathSSL%%/non-human-primate-multiplex-e ...

#ag-pathway-root{ --ag-blue:#002FE1; --ag-cyan:#2196F3; --ag-ink:#131313; --ag-grey:#4B5563; --ag-line:#d7dee8; --ag-tint:#EFF6FF; font-family:"Barlow",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; color: ...

GeniePlex Multiplex Assays | Bead-Based Multiplex Immunoassays | Assay Genie{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"%%GLOBAL_ShopPathSSL%%/genieplex-multiplex-assa ...

#ag-pathway-root{ --ag-blue:#002FE1; --ag-cyan:#2196F3; --ag-ink:#131313; --ag-grey:#4B5563; --ag-line:#d7dee8; --ag-tint:#EFF6FF; --ag-tcell:#EAF2FF; --ag-tumour:#FBEEF2; font-family:"Barlow ...

High Sensitivity Cytokine ELISA Kits & Multiplex Panels | Assay Genie{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"%%GLOBAL_ShopPathSSL%%/high-sensitivity-cytokine-elisa ...

document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",(function(){var e=document.querySelector(".page-sidebar");e&&e.remove(),document.querySelectorAll(".page-heading").forEach((function(e){e.re ...

High Sensitivity Cytokine ELISA Kits & Multiplex Panels | Assay Genie{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"%%GLOBAL_ShopPathSSL%%/high-sensitivity-cytokine-e ...

document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",(function(){var e=document.querySelector(".page-sidebar");e&&e.remove(),document.querySelectorAll(".page-heading").forEach((function(e){e.re ...

Rat Multiplex ELISA & Cytokine Assay Panels | Assay Genie{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"%%GLOBAL_ShopPathSSL%%/rat-multiplex-elisa-panels#page","url":"%%G ...

亚细胞分级分离方案（细胞核/线粒体/胞质，中文） | Assay Genie{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"TechArticle","headline":"亚细胞分级分离方案","inLanguage":"zh-Hans","url":"%%GLOBAL_ShopPathSSL%%/subcellular-fractio ...

The Ultimate Western Blot Guide At Assay Ge ...

共免疫沉淀（Co-IP）方案（中文） | Assay Genie{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"TechArticle","headline":"共免疫沉淀（Co-IP）方案","inLanguage":"zh-Hans","url":"%%GLOBAL_ShopPathSSL%%/co-immunoprecipitati ...

血细胞计数器使用指南（工作原理与细胞计数计算） | Assay Genie{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"TechArticle","headline":"血细胞计数器细胞计数室","inLanguage":"zh-Hans","url":"%%GLOBAL_ShopPathSSL%%/how-to-use-a-hemoc ...

What is IHC? Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a valuable tool used for the identification of specific antigens within embedded tissue prepara ...