1836 results for 'tgf belt rii'

Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in orchestrating various cellular processes, ranging from embryonic development to tissue homeostasis and immun ...

Growth factors play a vital role in the complex web of biological processes, serving as key regulators in various essential events. They exert significant influence over cruc ...

Introduction Tumorigenesis, the process by which normal cells transform into cancer cells, is a multifaceted and complex event influenced by various internal and external factors. Among th ...

Understanding the immune system's intricacies requires models that accurately reflect its complexity. The rat, as a model organism, plays a crucial role in immunological research, particularly i ...

Overview of Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major epidemic that affects over 347 million people worldwide (Danaei et al. 2011). The World He ...

Imagine engineering a patient's own immune cells into precision-guided missiles against cancer—cells that can seek out and destroy tumors with remarkable specificity. This is the promise of CAR-T cel ...

Th17 cells, a subset of T helper cells characterized by their production of interleukin-17 (IL-17), play a significant role in the immune system's response to pathogens and in the pathology of a ...

Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) is a protein that stimulates cell growth and differentiation by binding to its receptor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which triggers ligand-induced ...

Quick Facts About AbituzumabWhat is Abituzumab?Abituzumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets αv-integrins, playing a role in cancer treatment and fibrotic diseases.What is the mechan ...

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in maintaining immune balance by suppressing excessive immune responses that could lead to tissue damage. However, in the context of cancer ...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequently occurring cancers and there are 630,000 new cases diagnosed every year worldwide (De Minicis et al. 2013). HCC develops frequently f ...

What is a Macrophage? Macrophages are indeed a type of phagocyte, responsible for engulfing and destroying foreign particles and cellular debris. They are larger cells with more cytoplasm a ...

CD4+ T cells are central to the immune system, functioning as coordinators of immune responses and regulators of immune tolerance. These cells are divided into two primary subtypes: Help ...

In the intricate ballet of cellular communication and regulation, growth factors play pivotal roles in guiding the processes of cell growth, division, and differentiation. These proteins are esse ...

By Charlotte O’Donnell PhD Inflammation and Cancer The link between inflammation and cancer is well established, with inf ...

Natural killer (NK) cells are a crucial component of the innate immune system and play a significant role in eliminating tumor cells. Unlike T cells, NK cells can recognize and kill canc ...

T Cell Types, Activation, Polarization & Function A comprehensive guide to T cells! window.SHOGUN_IMAGE_ELEMENTS = window.SHOGUN_IMAGE_ELEMENTS || new Array(); wi ...

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, irreversible and ultimately fatal disease characterized by pro ...

What are Stem Cells? Stem cells are primitive, undifferentiated, and unspecialised cells that are found in multicellular organism ...

Interleukin signaling is involved in a number of biological processes, including cell growth and differentiation, inflammation and immunity. Interleukins are glycoproteins which act on hem ...

by Ryan Wallis, PhD student, QMUL, Blizard Institute The microscopic world of cell biology was first explored by Robert Hooke in the 17th century and published in his work, Microgr ...

Adhesion Molecules Direct cell-cell interactions are maintained and regulated by cell adhesion molecules. The expression of adhesion molecule ...

Introduction to FoxP3 and Regulatory T Cells in CancerFoxP3 (forkhead box P3) is a transcription factor critical for the development and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs), a special ...

Interleukin 12 in COVID-19 Prophylactics Interleukin 12 is a cytokine with wide-reaching effects in the innate and adaptive immune system. O ...

Key Points Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAF ...

The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to a trio of scientists for their groundbreaking work on peripheral immune tolerance, a mechanism that prevents our immune system from ...

The choice of appropriate cell culture supplements emerges as a crucial factor in ensuring the efficacy and consistency of experimental results. Among the various options available, two common ...

Inflammasomes are complex intracellular structures that play a pivotal role in the immune response by detecting pathogenic microorganisms and sterile stressors. Their activation is a critical ste ...

Mechanical forces are common in biological systems and dominate numerous perturbations that are relevant to human physiology and disease. Mechanobiology is a new field that evaluates the ef ...

Antigen's are foreign molecules recognised by the immune system. Antigens can be protein, carbohydrate, lipid or nucleic acid molecules. Examples include viruses and bacteria as well as f ...

In the intricate tapestry of the immune system, macrophages play a pivotal role, orchestrating a wide range of biological responses that protect the body against pathogens, remove cellular debris ...

Understanding PIIINP Levels in Canine Liver FibrosisLiver fibrosis is a significant health concern in dogs, often leading to severe complications if not diagnosed and managed appropriately. This arti ...

CXCL16 CXCL16, a unique member of the CXC chemokine family, stands at the crossroads of immune modulation and vascular biology. Initially discovered as a che ...

The Role of CTLA-4 in Breast Cancer: Implications for ImmunotherapyBreast cancer (BC) remains one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting women worldwide, with significant morbidity and mortalit ...

CD8+ T cells, also known as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), are a critical component of the immune system. They play a vital role in defending the body against viral infections, intracel ...

Quick Facts About CetuximabWhat is Cetuximab?Cetuximab is a monoclonal antibody targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), widely used in cancer therapy.How does Cetuximab w ...

CD40, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily, plays a pivotal role in regulating immune responses, particularly in activating antigen-presenting cells (APCs) a ...

Testing for COVID-19 Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the World Health Organisation have emphasised the crucial impor ...

Understanding Myeloid Cell Networks in Cancer ImmunotherapyImmunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, yet its effectiveness in re-establishing original immune responses post-therapy remains l ...

What is the Coronavirus Spike Protein? COVID-19, the newest coronavirus to gain international attention, is caused by severe acute respirato ...

Introduction to TREM2 and Tumor-Associated Macrophages in CancerTREM2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2) is an immunoregulatory receptor primarily expressed on macrophage ...

اختبار COVID-19 POC السريع الوصف إن مجموعة الفحص الجيني تستخدم فقط COVID-19 Rapid POC ( ...

What does the COVID-19 Rapid POC CE-IVD Test detect? The test detects the presence of patient-generated antibodies against spike protein, the virus which causes the disease COVID-19. The te ...

By Charlotte O’Donnell PhD Cancer Carcinogenesis is a multi-step process that develops through epigenetic changes an ...

Descripción Para más información, por favor, contacte a hello@assaygenie.com El kit Assay Genie u ...

I'll start this post off with a story. When I was half way through my PhD and I had found my passion for science communication, I approached my supervisor for the first time to ask “Can I h ...

Exploring sepsis: a critical imbalance in the immune response to infection. Key Takeaways: Sepsis is a severe, immune-driven response to infection causing systemic inflammation and poten ...

Exploring the multifaceted role of dendritic cells in immune function and disease. Key Takeaways DCs are professional antigen-presenting cells that capture, process, and pres ...

Toll-Like Receptors The innate immune response has come under the spotlight in recent years due to its central role in propagating the pathoge ...

Discover the critical role of cytokines as signaling molecules in immune responses, their functions, and the impact of their dysregulation, including cytokine storms. Key Takeaways: C ...

BDNF Overview Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a central mediator of neuroplasticity, a term used to describe the ability of neuron ...

Kinases, key enzymes in cellular signaling, phosphorylate proteins to regulate crucial processes, and their modulation has significant implications in disease treatment. Key Takeaways: K ...

Explore the complexities of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) signaling and regulation, a crucial aspect in immune response modulation and its dual roles in cancer development and therapy. Key Takeaways ...

Chemokines are highly conserved cytokines that control the movement of cells around the body. All 45 members of the chemokine family can be divided into 4 subfamilies depending on t ...

Exploring IL-18: A key cytokine in inflammation and disease. Key Takeaways: IL-18, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a pivotal role in immune responses, particularly in inducing Type II ...

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMP) were first discovered in the 1960s by Dr.Marshall Urist, an orthopaedic surgeon at UCLA (Urist 1965). BMPs are classically associated with their roles in limb ...

Mononuclear phagocytes, essential in immunity and homeostasis, perform diverse roles from phagocytosis to tissue repair, influencing health and disease. Key Takeaways: Mononuclear ...

What is Wnt Signalling? The Wnt signalling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that plays critical roles in the regulation of determining cell ...

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Co-stimulatory and Co-inhibitory Molecules in Adaptive Immunity The adaptive immune system is in part regulated by a vast array of co-stim ...

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Adipocytokines or adipokines are bioactive molecules that are produced by adipose tissue. They comprise cytokines, chemokines coagulation factors and factors involved ...

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