10346 results for 'mani clean'

Dendritic cells (DCs) are pivotal in the immune system, orchestrating innate and adaptive immune responses. Understanding their developmental lineage pathway is crucial in immunology, particularly

Written by Seán Mac Fhearraigh, PhD  •  Updated: 19 May 2026  •  ~9 min read Quick Answer The five main types of ELISA are sandwich, competitive, direct, indirect and multiplex. Sandwich ELISA is

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PhD Interview Presentation Dos and Don’ts It is becoming increasingly common for master's and undergraduate students to present data they produced during their resea

What is pharmacogenomics Pharmacogenomics is how DNA variation and drugs interact and how this can optimise patient health; this involves studying pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

Quick Facts About ErenumabWhat is Erenumab?Erenumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody designed to prevent migraines by targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor. ​

As atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory disease, there are many influential biomarkers that contribute to the disease’s progression as well as biomarkers from atherosclerosis related di

Molecular Biology · Gene SilencingWhat is RNAi? A Complete Guide to RNA InterferenceRNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved biological process in which small double-stranded RNA molecules silence gene

The Spanish flu pandemic of 1918-1919 was the deadliest in history. It is estimated that up to 100 million people died from the virus, which is more than three times the number who d

CXCL16 CXCL16, a unique member of the CXC chemokine family, stands at the crossroads of immune modulation and vascular biology. Initially discovered as a chem

Quick Facts About AlemtuzumabWhat is Alemtuzumab?Alemtuzumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD52, primarily used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and certain cancers like

PD-1 gets the attention, but it is one brake among many — and the others do not work the same way. The co-inhibitory receptors are routinely drawn as interchangeable stop signs on a T cell. They are

Quick Facts About AvizakimabWhat is Avizakimab?Avizakimab is a monoclonal antibody designed to target the CD47 protein, a key checkpoint in immune regulation, particularly in cancer ther

One of the greatest challenges in cancer therapy is how tumors evade immune detection. Among the mechanisms cancer cells exploit, the CD47 pathway has emerged as a major player in helping

Quick Facts About BococizumabWhat is Bococizumab?Bococizumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets PCSK9, a protein involved in cholesterol regulation.How Does Bococizumab Work?It inhibi

Immunology · NeuroscienceHistamine Receptors: H1, H2, H3 & H4 ExplainedHistamine receptors are the G protein-coupled receptors through which histamine controls allergy, gastric acid secretion, neurotr

What You Need to Know About DupilumabWhat is Dupilumab?Dupilumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody designed to treat various chronic inflammatory diseases by inhibiting key cytokines

Chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative haematopoietic malignancy, characterised by a karyotypic abnormality present in more than 95% of cases known as the Philadelph

Introduction to IL-10R and Immune Suppression in CancerThe interleukin-10 receptor (IL-10R) is a key player in regulating immune responses, particularly in suppressing inflammation and ma

Quick Facts About UliledlimabWhat is Uliledlimab?Uliledlimab is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD47, a checkpoint protein that helps tumors evade immune system detection. By blocking CD

Key Facts About SacituzumabWhat is Sacituzumab?Sacituzumab is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that targets the tumor-associated antigen Trop-2, used to treat various cancers, including

Microbiology · ProbioticsLactobacilli: Structure, Metabolism, Identification and Probiotic UseLactobacilli are lactic acid bacteria found in fermented foods and across the human gastrointestinal, oral

Quick Facts About LirilumabWhat is Lirilumab?Lirilumab is an anti-KIR monoclonal antibody designed to enhance natural killer (NK) cell activity by blocking killer-cell immunoglobulin-lik

Quick answer A researcher's samples read negative at the standard 1-hour incubation on the MycoGenie Rapid Mycoplasma Detection Kit (MORV0011), but many turned positive after 2 hours.

Cancer cells are adept at avoiding destruction by the immune system, often exploiting specific pathways to escape detection and elimination. One of these key mechanisms involves the SIRPα

Molecular Biology · Techniques Guide Types of PCR – 7 Methods, Principles & Applications PCR stands as a cornerstone in molecular biology, ena

Quick Info Section: Key Facts About PlozalizumabWhat is Plozalizumab?Plozalizumab is an investigational monoclonal antibody that targets CD47, a key immune checkpoint in cancer cells. By

Quick Facts About SecukinumabWhat is SecukinumabSecukinumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets interleukin-17A (IL-17A), a key cytokine involved in inflammatory and autoimmune respons

Quick Facts About RosopatamabWhat is Rosopatamab?Rosopatamab is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD47, a critical immune checkpoint that helps cancer cells evade immune detection. By bloc

Metabolism · Biochemistry Guide Cellular Respiration: Stages, ATP Production & Pathway Guide How cells convert glucose and oxygen into ATP acr

Understanding Zonulin: Key Regulator of Intestinal Barrier Function Zonulin is a crucial physiological modulator of intercellular tight junctions, playing a significant role in regulating intestinal

B Cell Types, Antigen Recognition & Activation A comprehensive guide to B cells! Introduction B cells, a vital component of the immune system, play

Written by Seán Mac Fhearraigh, PhD  •  Updated: 19 May 2026  •  ~9 min read Quick Answer ELISA and Western Blot are both antibody-based protein detection methods. ELISA is faster, higher through

Cell Signalling · CytokinesJAK-STAT Signalling: Mechanism, Regulation and InhibitorsJAK-STAT is the shortest route from a cytokine outside the cell to a change in gene transcription — receptor engagem

Cell Signalling · InflammationMAPK Signalling in Inflammatory Cytokine PathwaysMAPK cascades convert receptor engagement into changes in gene expression, and in inflammation they do it in both directi

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Cancer Biology · GeneticsTumour Suppressor Genes: Roles, Examples & CancerTumour suppressor genes are the brakes on cell growth — they restrain proliferation, repair damaged DNA and trigger apoptosis

Announcement · Powered by Assay GenieIntroducing BioSymposia: The Gathering Place for ScienceWe’re excited to announce the launch of BioSymposia, our new sister platform and a free home for scientific

A T-cell engager does not give the T cell an instruction. It gives it an address. A bispecific antibody with one arm on CD3 and the other on a tumour antigen forces two membranes into contact and let

Cell Signalling · MetabolismThe mTOR Signalling PathwaymTOR is a master regulator of cell growth, metabolism and survival, integrating nutrient, growth-factor and energy signals through two comp

Cell Signalling · EnzymologyProtein Kinases: Function, Classification, Structure and InhibitorsProtein kinases transfer a phosphate group from ATP onto specific residues of target proteins, switching

Metabolism · Biochemistry GuideBeta-Oxidation of Fatty AcidsBeta-oxidation is the mitochondrial pathway that breaks fatty acids down into acetyl-CoA for energy. This guide covers where it happen

Progression of the JAK STAT Signalling Pathway Cellular communication is a complex network of molecular interactions that govern various physiological processes. Among the many signal

Horseshoe crabs, often referred to as "living fossils," are invaluable to modern medicine due to their unique blue blood. This blood is the source of Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL), a sub

Flow cytometry is a powerful analytical technology employed in cell biology, immunology, and oncology research. It enables the rapid measurement of physical and chemical characteristics of cells o

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What is COVID-19 COVID-19, the disease caused by the coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2, first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 has spre

The complex interplay between chemokines and cytokines is fundamental to the immune system's function, orchestrating the body's response to infection, inflammation, and injury. This detailed analy

Time-Resolved Fluorescence (TRF) technology is a cutting-edge analytical technique that has revolutionized the fields of biochemistry, immunology, and molecular biology. By offering a refined appr

Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized oncology, offering powerful new ways to treat various malignancies by harnessing the body's own immune system. Central to this success are immune checkpoint inh

Introduction Claudins are a family of proteins that play a critical role in the formation of t

The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to a trio of scientists for their groundbreaking work on peripheral immune tolerance, a mechanism that prevents our immune system from a

Protein Glycosylation for Labs: Mechanisms, Workflows, and Reagent Tips Protein glycosylation is the enzymatic covalent attachment of sugar chains (glycans) to specific amino acid side chains, most co