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CAR-T cell signalling(Page)
Car t signalling pathway · H(Page)
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH)(Post)
Pyruvate dehydrogenase is a complex enzyme involved in the conversion of pyruvate, a product of glycolysis, into acetyl-CoA, a crucial molecule in energy production and intermediary
Blood Coagulation Signaling Pathways: A Critical Overview(Post)Cell Signalling · HaemostasisBlood Coagulation Signaling Pathways: A Critical OverviewBlood coagulation is a tightly regulated cascade in which circulating clotting factors are sequentially activated
Regulatory T-cell (Treg) suppression & the IL-2 axis(Page) A Quick Guide to Myelin(Post)Neuroscience · Myelin BiologyA Quick Guide to MyelinMyelin is the lipid-rich insulating sheath wrapped around nerve axons. Made by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in t
TGF-β/SMAD signalling(Page) B-cell activation and the germinal centre reaction(Page) Tgf beta smad pathway · HT(Page) Resources(Page) Sepsis and Immune Dysregulation(Post)Exploring sepsis: a critical imbalance in the immune response to infection. Key Takeaways: Sepsis is a severe, immune-driven response to infection causing systemic inflammation and potent
Xeroderma pigmentosum: Causes, Inheritance, Treatment and Diagnosis(Post)What is Xeroderma Pigmentosum? Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) also known De Sanctis-Cacchione syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects the skin, eyes and central nervous system. It is ca
Monocytes: An Overview (Post)Monocytes, as part of the innate immune system, act as the first line of defense against foreign invaders. One of their primary functions is phagocytosis, a crucial process in which they engulf
In Vitro vs In Vivo: Complete Comparison + Selection Guide | Research Methods(Post)Discover the distinct roles of 'In Vivo' and 'In Vitro' in biological research, where one offers a natural context and the other precise control, both vital for scientific advancement.
The Battle of Antibiotics: Penicillin vs. Streptomycin(Post)Microbiology · AntibioticsPenicillin vs Streptomycin: The Battle of AntibioticsPenicillin and streptomycin are two of the most important antibiotics ever discovered — and they work in completely diffe
Cytokine JAK/STAT signalling(Page) cGAS-STING cytosolic DNA sensing(Page) Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) (Post)What is Hepatocyte Growth Factor? Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a cytokine that is mainly produced by the liver. HGF is a pleiotrophic cytokine that regulates cell growth, motilit
The Gut Microbiome and Autoimmune Diseases: How Gut Bacteria Influence Immune Response(Post)What are Autoimmune Diseases? Autoimmune diseases are a diverse group of disorders where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells, tissues, and organs
p53 Protein: Mutations, Cancer Signalling & Tumour Suppression(Post)Cancer Biology · Cell Signallingp53: Structure, Signalling, Regulation and Mutation in Cancerp53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer, and the reason is structural: a single tetrameric
T-cell receptor (TCR) signalling(Page) Cgas sting pathway deep · HT(Page) Jak stat signalling map dee(Page) Gram-Negative Bacteria: Examples, Infections & Resistance(Post)What is Gram-Negative bacteria? Gram-negative bacteria are a diverse group of microorganisms characterized by their unique cell wall structure. They stain pink or red when subjecte
Biosimilar Antibodies(Page) 5 Types of Immunoglobulins: IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD & IgE(Post)Immunology Guide 5 Types of Immunoglobulins: IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD & IgE The five antibody classes that drive immune defence — their structure, fun
VEGF: Inflammation and Tumourigenesis(Post)What is VEGF? Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (VEGFs) are a group of homodimeric polypeptides, and are master regulators of vascular development, maintenance and a
Assay Genie New Asian Distributor May 2024(Post)Dublin, Ireland — May 20th 2024 — Assay Genie, a leading supplier of ELISA Kits, Antibodies, Cellular Assays, and In Vivo Monoclonal Antibodies, is pleased to announce partnerships with three new
Exhibition at the University of Oxford's BioEscalator(Post)Showcasing Innovation Assay Genie recently took part in an engaging event at Oxford’s BioEscalator, a leading innovation hub supporting scientific progress and entrepreneurship. The day
GPCRs (G Protein Coupled Receptors): A Guide(Post)Cell Signalling · Receptor BiologyGPCRs (G Protein-Coupled Receptors): A Complete GuideG protein-coupled receptors are the largest family of cell-surface receptors in the human genome and the ta
Glucose Assay Saliva Troubleshooting: Fixing Low Readings(Post)Quick answer A researcher measuring glucose in human saliva on the fluorometric procedure of a glucose assay kit had a textbook standard curve, yet every sample read far below the expe
Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) & Innate Sensing(Page) Mycoplasma Troubleshooting Tips & FAQ(Page) Oct-4 Stem Cells(Post)Oct-4 stem cells, also known as Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 stem cells, are a fascinating area of study in the field of stem cell research. These stem cells hold great promise due to th
PD-1 PD-L1 Pathway Diagram(Page) The Role of Zonulin In Intestinal Permeability (Post)Gastroenterology · Barrier BiologyZonulin and Intestinal PermeabilityZonulin is the best-characterised endogenous regulator of intestinal tight junctions — the protein that opens the gut barrier on de
Everything You Need to Know About Preeclampsia: A Guide(Post)Preeclampsia is a serious condition that can develop during pregnancy. It is marked by high blood pressure and the presence of protein in the urine and can cause serious problems for b
Macrophage, M1 & M2, Polarization and Function(Post)What is a Macrophage? Macrophages are indeed a type of phagocyte, responsible for engulfing and destroying foreign particles and cellular debris. They are larger cells with more cytoplasm an
Growth Factors: Key Players in Biological Processes(Post)Cell Signalling · Growth FactorsGrowth Factors: Families, Receptors and Signalling PathwaysGrowth factors are secreted proteins that instruct cells whether to divide, differentiate, migrate or survive
von Willebrand Factor and Cancer(Post)What is von Willebrand Factor? Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) is a crucial glycoprotein that plays a fundamental role in blood clotting and hemostasis. Produced by endot
Apoptosis Pathway(Page) What is the difference between PBS and dPBS?(Post)Lab Buffers · ProtocolsPBS vs DPBS: What’s the Difference?PBS and DPBS are the everyday isotonic, pH-balanced salt solutions used to wash, dilute and transport cells and proteins. This guide bre
A Guide To Tau Proteins & Tauopathies(Post)Neuroscience · BiomarkersA Guide to Tau Proteins & TauopathiesTau keeps the neuronal cytoskeleton standing up. When its phosphorylation goes wrong, the same protein becomes the aggregate that defines
Cancer Metabolism: Tumorigenesis, Metabolic Therapy & The Warburg Effect(Post)Cancer Metabolism is the mechanism by which cancer cells make energy in order for them to grow and spread. Even in the presence of oxygen, cancer cells increase glucose uptake and produce lactate,
CD11b: Macrophages and Microglia Marker(Post)The immune system plays a critical role in defending the body against pathogens and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Within the intricate network of immune cells, CD11b, also known as integ
Neuroimmunology: The Immune System of the CNS(Post)What is Neuroimmunology? Neuroimmunology is a multidisciplinary scientific field dedicated to investigating the intricate and bidirectional interactions between the c
Streptococcus pneumoniae: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment(Post)Microbiology · Bacterial PathogensStreptococcus pneumoniae: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis & TreatmentStreptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a Gram-positive, encapsulated bacterium that colonises the
p38 MAPK Signaling Review(Post)The p38 MAPK signaling pathway is an intracellular signaling pathway that plays a crucial role in cellular responses to various stressors and inflammatory stimuli. It is a part of the larger MAPK
Cytokine Release Syndrome and the IL-6 Axis(Page) TLR Innate Sensing Pathway: Receptors, MyD88/TRIF and Assays(Post)Toll-like receptors are the reason a milligram of endotoxin can kill a mouse. They are the fastest, least discriminating layer of immunity: germline-encoded sensors that read conserved microbial chem
PI3K / AKT / mTOR Signalling in T Cells(Page) TCA Cycle Assays(Page) Oligodendrocytes: Complete Guide + Functions & Development(Post)Oligodendrocytes are pivotal CNS cells, integral for myelin formation and nerve function, with implications in various neurological disorders. Key Takeaways Oligodendrocytes are specia
Mouse Injection Guide: Intraperitoneal, Subcutaneous, Intramuscular & Intravenous Routes(Post)In Vivo Methods · ProtocolsMouse Injection Guide: Intraperitoneal, Subcutaneous, Intramuscular & Intravenous RoutesRoute choice and injection technique determine how much of a dose actually reaches it
NK Cell Cytotoxicity Pathway: Receptors, Signalling and Assays(Post)A natural killer cell decides by subtraction. It carries no rearranged antigen receptor and no memory of what it has seen. It presses a panel of germline-encoded receptors against a target and integr
Blood Coagulation Pathway: Factors, Cascade & Disorders [Guide](Post)Haematology · CoagulationBlood Coagulation Pathway: Factors, Cascade and DisordersThe coagulation cascade is usually taught as two pathways converging on a common one. That framework maps neatly onto
NF-κB Signalling Pathway(Page) Nfkb signalling pathway · HTM(Page) Bcell germinal centre pathway(Page) Tumour Angiogenesis and the VEGF Axis(Page) The Complement Cascade and Its Regulators(Page) IL-10 signalling and regulation(Post)Explore the complexities of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) signaling and regulation, a crucial aspect in immune response modulation and its dual roles in cancer development and therapy. Key Takeaways:
Adalimumab: Mechanism, Clinical Applications, and the Role of Biosimilars(Post)Biologics · TNF InhibitionAdalimumab: Mechanism, Clinical Applications and BiosimilarsAdalimumab is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds tumour necrosis factor alpha and prevents it engag
Prostate Cancer Markers : What to Look for in Your Test Results(Post)In this blog post, we will review prostate cancer markers and what you should look for in your results. Prostate antigen marker (PSA) and p63 are the most common markers found in pro
Myeloid Checkpoints: CD47-SIRPa, LILRB and Siglec-10(Page) Pyroptosis: A Promising Target for Immunotherapy(Post)Pyroptosis is an immunogenic form of cell death, meaning that it triggers an immune response. This makes pyroptosis a potentially promising target for immunotherapies that aim to boo
Localised Resources(Page)Localised Resources in Multiple Languages | Assay Genie
Th17 Cells and the IL-23 Axis(Page) Leukocyte Adhesion Cascade(Page) The role of IL-18 in health and disease(Post)Exploring IL-18: A key cytokine in inflammation and disease. Key Takeaways: IL-18, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a pivotal role in immune responses, particularly in inducing Type II
Microglia and Neuroinflammation(Page) Innate Immunity: Components, Functions & First Line of Defence(Post)Immunology · Innate ImmunityInnate Immunity: Components, Functions & First Line of DefenceThe innate immune system is the body’s first line of defence — a fast, non-specific response built from physic
Apoptosis Pathway: Death Receptor, Mitochondrial and Granzyme Routes(Post)Apoptosis is not one pathway but three routes into the same execution machinery. A death ligand at the surface, a mitochondrion that loses outer-membrane integrity, and a granzyme delivered by a cyto
Custom Assay Entwicklung: Wann sich der Aufwand wirklich lohnt(Post)Custom Assay Entwicklung: Wann sich der Aufwand wirklich lohnt Ein kundenspezifischer Assay ist dann angezeigt, wenn Standardmethoden die In-vivo-Relevanz, Matrixeffekte oder die Messbarkeit neuartig
Eosinophils, IL-5 and the Type 2 Granulocyte Axis(Page) Antibiotic Resistance: The Growing Threat to Human Health(Post)Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem in the world today. Antibiotics are becoming less and less effective as bacteria evolve to resist them. This poses a serious threat to human healt
Neutrophil Activation & NETosis(Page) Macrophage Phagocytosis & the CD47–SIRPα Checkpoint(Page) Esophageal Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention(Post)Esophageal cancer is a type of cancer that affects the esophagus, which is the tube that carries food and liquids from your mouth to your stomach. Esophageal cancer can cause many di
Business Development Manager, UK(Page) Denosumab: A Comprehensive Overview of Mechanism, Applications, and Research Advances(Post)Biologics · Bone MetabolismDenosumab: RANKL Inhibition, Clinical Applications and BiosimilarsDenosumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody against RANKL, the cytokine that drives osteoclast formation
Apoptosis Unveiled: Your Complete Guide to Intrinsic & Extrinsic Pathways(Post)Cell Biology · Programmed Cell DeathApoptosis: Your Complete Guide to Intrinsic & Extrinsic PathwaysApoptosis is programmed cell death — the controlled, non-inflammatory removal of damaged or unwanted
T-Cell Engagers and Bispecific Antibodies(Page) Chemokine Receptors and Leukocyte Trafficking(Page) Antigen Processing & Presentation(Page) C-Reactive Protein (CRP): Function, Levels & What They Mean(Post)Biomarkers · InflammationC-Reactive Protein (CRP): Structure, Function and Clinical UseCRP is the most widely measured marker of inflammation in medicine — fast to rise, fast to fall, and entirely non
Platelets : The Unassuming Heroes of Blood Circulation(Post)Haematology · HaemostasisPlatelets: Formation, Structure, Activation and Clinical SignificancePlatelets are anucleate fragments shed from megakaryocytes, and they carry out primary haemostasis — adher