Blog
A Quick Guide To Mycoprotein
Mycoprotein is an alternative source of protein that can be used in place of meat. It is made from a fungi called Fusarium venenatum, and is consumed by vegetarians and vegans as a meat sub
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4th Aug 2022
EGF Family
Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) is a protein that stimulates cell growth and differentiation by binding to its receptor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which triggers ligand-in
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23rd May 2022
Protein Kinases: Overview, Classification and Therapeutic Potential
Protein kinases are enzymes that play a critical role in signal transduction. They catalyze the transfer of phosphate groups from ATP to protein substrates, which allows them to regu
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8th Mar 2022
The Notch Signalling Pathway: Its Steps and Impacts
Notch signalling pathway review
The Notch signalling pathway is a highly conserved intercellular signalling pathway that regulates various cellular processes. The Notch receptor is a tr
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4th Mar 2022
GPCRs (G Protein Coupled Receptors): An Overview
Estimated reading time: 6 minutes
GPCRs (G protein coupled receptors) introduction
GPCRs (G protein-coupled receptors) are a large and diverse family of membrane proteins that play im
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3rd Mar 2022
JAK-STAT Signalling and Cytokines: The What, How, and Why
JAK-STAT stands for Janus kinase's and signals transducer and activator of transcription proteins. JAKs are small proteins that contain the JAK homology (JH) domain. This domain is found
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22nd Feb 2022
Exosomes - Discovery, Cargo, Biogenesis & Functions
by Ryan Wallis, PhD student, QMUL, Blizard Institute
The microscopic world of cell biology was first explored by Robert Hooke in the 17th century and published in his work, Microgra
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20th Jan 2022
Wnt Signalling Pathway in Immunity
What is Wnt Signalling?
The Wnt signalling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that plays critical roles in the regulation of determining cell f
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1st Sep 2021
Cell Signalling – Mini Review
Cell Signalling
Cell signalling pathways have an important role in integrating a plethora of extracellular and intracellular signals to produce a controlle
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15th Mar 2021
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMP) – Review
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMP) were first discovered in the 1960s by Dr.Marshall Urist, an orthopaedic surgeon at UCLA (Urist 1965). BMPs are classically associated with their roles in li
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11th Mar 2021
Cyclins and Cyclin Dependent Kinase – Review
Introduction
Cyclins are a family of proteins which are non-enzymatic, but bind to cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) as essential activating co-factors. This
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11th Mar 2021
Polo-like kinase (Plk1) substrates and mitosis
Polo-like kinase (Plk1)
Polo-like kinase (Plk1), is a serine/threonine kinase that is active during mitosis (Hamanaka et al., 1995). Its name is derived from
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10th Mar 2021
p38 MAPK signaling review
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) such as p38 MAPK, JNK1/2 & ERK1/2 are a family of Ser/Thr kinases that phosphorylate a dynamic protein network which regulates cellular programs incl
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9th Mar 2021
AKT Signalling – Mini Review
Protein kinase B or AKT (PKB) is a serine/threonine kinase. In mammals it is comprised of 3 highly homologous isoforms PKBα (Akt1), PKBβ (Akt2), and PKBγ (Akt3) (Manning and Cantley 2007). A
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9th Mar 2021
The role of IFN gamma in inflammation, cancer and autoimmune disease
Interferon Overview
Interferons (IFN) are a family of cytokines which, upon secretion, play a central role in mediating the innate and adaptive immune respon
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6th Mar 2021
LATS1/2 Kinases Review
LATS kinases belong to a family of proteins that, in mammals, are comprised of two isoforms, LATS1 and LATS2. Originally identified in Drosophila melanogaster as Warts kinase, LATS1 and LATS2
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11th Jan 2021
Characteristics of scaffold protein
Environmental stimuli result in different biological responses including cell growth, proliferation or apoptosis. How cells translate specific stimuli into a specific cellular response is not
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18th Dec 2020
Phosphatases and PTP1B – Mini review
IntroductionThe human kinome is estimated to contain 518 genes, in comparison to the estimated 180 genes that comprise the phosphatome (Arena et al., 2005). These kinase genes represent a sign
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18th Dec 2020
Ras signaling pathway
A wide variety of cell surface receptors activate Ras GTPase, including the tyrosine receptor linked to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (Wells 1999). Upon receptor stimulation, son
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18th Dec 2020
IQGAP1 signaling review
IQGAP1: IQ-motif containing GTPase-activating-like protein-1 reviewIQ motif-containing GTPase-activating-like protein-1 (IQGAP1) is a 190 KDa protein that belongs to a conserved family of sc
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18th Dec 2020
Hippo Pathway Review
MST2/Hippo PathwayMammalian Sterile Twenty (MST) pathways have been identified as a homologue of the ste20 kinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Creasy and Chernoff 1995). The MST2/Hippo pathw
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18th Dec 2020