10252 results for 'green addit'

By Charlotte O'Donnell PhD Similar to IL-33, IL-36R ligands are involved in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Analogous to IL-33, d is locali

Agata Miezaniec PhD Candidate, University of Nottingham, UK Epigenetics and the link to DNA Methylation The term ‘Epigenet

CD25, a key molecule in immune regulation, is integral to the function of activated lymphocytes and regulatory T cells. It's central in mediating immune responses, with implications in autoimmune

Schwann cells are cells that play a vital role in nerve function. They are responsible for myelinating axons and helping to ensure the transmission of electrical signals between neurons. Schwann c

Techniques · Gene DeliveryTransduction vs Transfection: Understanding Gene Delivery TechniquesTransduction and transfection are the two main routes for introducing genetic material into cells. Transdu

Introduction to TREM2 and Tumor-Associated Macrophages in CancerTREM2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2) is an immunoregulatory receptor primarily expressed on macrophages

Complete T Helper Cell Guide: Th1, Th2, Th17 & Functions - Your Ultimate Resource from Assay GenieIn this guide, we will explore the differences between TH1 and TH2 cells, their crucial r

The Th1 Pathway In this guide, we will explore the differences between TH1 and TH2 cells, their crucial roles in the immune system, and the contributions of cytokines and transcription f

Enhancing Cancer Research: Syngeneic Mouse Models and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors A quick guide to Syngeneic Mouse Models Syngeneic Mouse Models Cancer research has seen rema

Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment landscape for various malignancies. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies is the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, part

T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3) is an immune checkpoint receptor that plays a pivotal role in T cell exhaustion, a state where T cells lose their ability to ef

The CD28 molecule plays a crucial role in amplifying T cell activation, which is critical for mounting effective immune responses against tumors. By engaging with co-stimulatory molecules

By Charlotte O'Donnell PhD < As IL-33/ST2 is such a potent inducer of inflammation, it is not surprising that dysr

Oligodendrocytes are pivotal CNS cells, integral for myelin formation and nerve function, with implications in various neurological disorders. Key Takeaways Oligodendrocytes are specia

Novel Gene Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis Cystic Fibrosis Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive, life-limiting disease resulting from gene mutations that encode the cystic fibr

Discover the distinct roles of 'In Vivo' and 'In Vitro' in biological research, where one offers a natural context and the other precise control, both vital for scientific advancement.

Immune Regulation in COVID-19: Immunomodulatory Mechanisms against SARS-CoV-2 Infection What is COVID-19?

This article breaks down the glycoprotein Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) detailing its structure, function and therapeutic uses. It also describes its role in imm

Immunology · Complement SystemThe Alternative Complement PathwayThe alternative pathway is one of three routes that activate complement — an antibody-independent, always-on surveillance system d

Monocytes, as part of the innate immune system, act as the first line of defense against foreign invaders. One of their primary functions is phagocytosis, a crucial process in which they engulf

By Charlotte O’Donnell PhD Cancer Carcinogenesis is a multi-step process that develops through epigenetic changes and muta

Pancreatic cancer survival rates Despite recent advances in our understanding of this disease, pancreatic cancer is one of the world’s most lethal malignan

By Sinead Kinsella PhD The Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) The Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) is a regulatory machinery for protein turnover in t

What is a Macrophage? Macrophages are indeed a type of phagocyte, responsible for engulfing and destroying foreign particles and cellular debris. They are larger cells with more cytoplasm an

Cancer Biology · GeneticsTumour Suppressor Genes: Roles, Examples & CancerTumour suppressor genes are the brakes on cell growth — they restrain proliferation, repair damaged DNA and trigger apoptosis

References Key Points Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures are artificially-created environments in which cells are permitted to grow or interact with their surroundings in a 3D fa

Introduction to BTLA in Immune Regulation B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is an immune checkpoint molecule that plays a critical role in regulating immune responses by suppressing T

Cell Biology · Programmed Cell DeathApoptosis: Your Complete Guide to Intrinsic & Extrinsic PathwaysApoptosis is programmed cell death — the controlled, non-inflammatory removal of damaged or unwanted

Cell Signalling · Growth FactorsGrowth Factors: Families, Receptors and Signalling PathwaysGrowth factors are secreted proteins that instruct cells whether to divide, differentiate, migrate or survive

Antibodies · Reagent GuideMonoclonal vs Polyclonal Antibodies: Key DifferencesMonoclonal and polyclonal antibodies are the two workhorse reagent types in research, diagnostics and therapy. Monoclonals

Immunology · HaematopoiesisMyeloid Lineage: Pioneers of Immune Cell DevelopmentThe myeloid lineage is one of the two great branches of haematopoiesis, generating the innate immune and blood cells — mo

By Eoin Mac Réamoinn Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are renowned for their fundamental roles in innate sensing and initiating inflammatory responses. TLRs acco

T Cell Types, Activation, Polarization & Function A comprehensive guide to T cells! Introduction T-cells, vital components of the immune system, encompass vari

Biologics · TNF InhibitionAdalimumab: Mechanism, Clinical Applications and BiosimilarsAdalimumab is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds tumour necrosis factor alpha and prevents it engag

Clinical · Immunology Guide IgA Test: Normal Ranges, Results & What They Mean [2026] What the immunoglobulin A blood test measures, how result

Myrna Hurtado, PhD Student, University of North Texas Health Science Center Advancements in modern medicine have resulted in significantly prolonging and a

In Vivo Methods · ProtocolsMouse Injection Guide: Intraperitoneal, Subcutaneous, Intramuscular & Intravenous RoutesRoute choice and injection technique determine how much of a dose actually reaches it

Nod-like receptors Nod like receptors (NLRs) are a versatile family of relatively recently discovered intracellular receptors which have a br

Cancer Biology · Cell Signallingp53: Structure, Signalling, Regulation and Mutation in Cancerp53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer, and the reason is structural: a single tetrameric

Immunology · T LymphocytesCD8+ T Cells: Cytotoxic Mechanisms, Memory and ExhaustionCD8+ T cells kill infected and transformed cells directly, and they do it with a specificity nothing else in the immu

Gene Delivery · Viral VectorsLentiviral Vectors: Design, Production and Use in Gene DeliveryLentiviral vectors integrate their cargo into the host genome and transduce dividing and non-dividing cells

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMP) were first discovered in the 1960s by Dr.Marshall Urist, an orthopaedic surgeon at UCLA (Urist 1965). BMPs are classically associated with their roles in limb

Gastroenterology · Barrier BiologyZonulin and Intestinal PermeabilityZonulin is the best-characterised endogenous regulator of intestinal tight junctions — the protein that opens the gut barrier on de

Explore antigen presentation's crucial role in adaptive immunity and its impact on cancer immunotherapy, highlighting the diversity and function of MHC class I molecules. Key Takeaway

HMGB1 Functional Overview High mobility group box 1 ( HMGB1), a member of the high-mobility group (HMG) family, was first identified in the thymus in 1973 an

Mononuclear phagocytes, essential in immunity and homeostasis, perform diverse roles from phagocytosis to tissue repair, influencing health and disease. Key Takeaways: Mononuclear p

Exploring IL-18: A key cytokine in inflammation and disease. Key Takeaways: IL-18, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a pivotal role in immune responses, particularly in inducing Type II

COVID-19 Rapid POC CE-IVDテスト（25テスト） 概要説明 Getein COVID-19 Rapid POC(臨床現場即時)キットは新型コロナウィルス(

Imagine engineering a patient's own immune cells into precision-guided missiles against cancer—cells that can seek out and destroy tumors with remarkable specificity. This is the promise of CAR-T cell