10665 results for 'TGF-beta 2'

By Charlotte O'Donnell PhD ...

Quick Facts About BrodalumabWhat is Brodalumab?Brodalumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets the IL-17 receptor to treat immune-mediated conditions like moderate-to-severe plaque pso ...

Western blotting remains a pivotal technique in the molecular biosciences for the detection, quantification, and analysis of proteins. Its utility spans numerous fields, including immunology, de ...

Traumatic injuries & death When I ask people what the leading cause of death is in the United States in people age 44 and under, they generally reply saying ...

Interleukin-9 (IL-9) plays a critical role in the immune system, influencing a variety of biological functions across different immune cell types. This article provides an in-depth look at the si ...

Quick Facts About PinatuzumabWhat is Pinatuzumab?Pinatuzumab is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) designed to target CD22, a protein highly expressed on B-cell malignancies, including no ...

Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR) is an immune checkpoint molecule that plays a crucial role in regulating T cell activation and survival. In recent years, GIT ...

Platelet adhesion is a critical process in the maintenance of hemostasis, the body's response to bleeding. This intricate process involves a series of interactions between platelets, the cellular ...

By Ana Catarina Ferreira, PhD Candidate, Univeristy of Minho, Portugal Psychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depression, are highly prevalent co ...

ST2, a member of the IL-1R Subfamily ST2 is a member of the IL-1R subfamily and was identified in 1989 [1]. The ST2 gene is located on chromos ...

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a fundamental process that plays a critical role in the development and maintenance of healthy tissues. Central to this process are caspases, a family of c ...

Glutamate receptors are pivotal in mediating excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS), playing crucial roles in synaptic transmission, plasticity, learning, and memory. Th ...

What You Need to Know About VopratelimabWhat is Vopratelimab?Vopratelimab is an experimental monoclonal antibody that targets the Inducible T-cell CO-Stimulator (ICOS) protein, playing ...

Waardenburg Syndrome: A Rare Genetic Disorder Affecting Pigmentation, Hearing, and More Waardenburg Syndrome (WS) is a fascinating and rare genetic disorder that impacts various asp ...

By Sonika Singh PhD candidate, University of Nottingham A Devastating Disease Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and inflammatory disease ba ...

Quick Facts About Patritumab DeruxtecanWhat is Patritumab Deruxtecan?Patritumab Deruxtecan (HER3-DXd) is an investigational antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting HER3, a receptor impl ...

The Interleukin-1 (IL-1) family represents a crucial group of signaling molecules that play a pivotal role in regulating the immune system and inflammatory responses. Comprising 11 members, in ...

In the realm of immunology, CXCL chemokines emerge as fascinating conductors. These small proteins, marked by their CXC motif, wield considerable influence over our immune responses and a r ...

The intricate process of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation is a cornerstone of developmental biology and regenerative medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells, renowned for their self-renewal c ...

Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized treatment options, offering strategies to harness the immune system to target and destroy tumors. One emerging area of interest is the use of OX40 ...

Western blotting is a powerful and widely used technique in molecular biology, essential for detecting and quantifying specific proteins in complex biological samples. However, despite its pop ...

The STING (Stimulator of Interferon Genes) pathway plays a pivotal role in the innate immune system's response to cancerous cells and DNA viruses. Exploiting this pathway through STING activators ...

Quick Facts About BegelomabWhat is Begelomab?Begelomab is a monoclonal antibody that targets CD26, a key molecule involved in immune regulation. It has been studied for its potential ap ...

Quick Facts About BevacizumabWhat is Bevacizumab?Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), inhibiting angiogenesis (the formation of n ...

Blood plasma and serum are essential components of blood and have distinct molecular compositions and uses in the medical and research fields. This article aims to elucidate the differences betwe ...

Immunotherapy has become a central pillar in the fight against cancer, with a focus on enhancing the body’s natural defenses. Among the molecules at the forefront of immunotherapeutic re ...

Deprotonation is a fundamental chemical process that plays a crucial role in various aspects of chemistry, ranging from organic synthesis to biochemistry. It involves the removal of a proton ( ...

By Catríona Dowling, Post-Doc, RCSI I want you to come on a journey with me where we are going to the botanic gardens. You will pick a section of the garden that is yours: yours to treasure ...

By Juan Quintana, PhD student, University of Edinbrugh What are Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs)? The World Health Orga ...

TIGIT (T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains) has emerged as a promising target in cancer immunotherapy and the treatment of autoimmune diseases. As a checkpoint receptor, TIGIT ...

Hybridoma technology, a revolutionary method in immunology pioneered by Georges Köhler and César Milstein in the 1970s, has transformed the landscape of antibody production. This groundbreaking t ...

Key Takeaways: Microglia are immune cells in the CNS, originating from myeloid precursor cells. They surveil the CNS, respond to changes, and maintain neural health. Microglia exist in dif ...

Introduction Phosphorylation is a fundamental biochemical process that plays a crucial role in various cellular functions. It involves the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule, typ ...

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Melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer that originates in melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin, which gives skin its color. Although it is less common than oth ...

In the evolving landscape of cellular biology, intracellular flow cytometry (ICFC) stands out as a powerful technique for analyzing the complexities within cells. This advanced method extends the ...

The Notch signaling pathway is a highly conserved cellular communication system that plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, ...

Introduction Claudins are a family of proteins that play a critical role in the formation of ...

Acetylation, a chemical process characterized by the addition of an acetyl functional group to a molecule, stands as a cornerstone in both biochemical and biological landscapes. Its significan ...

Immunoglobulin antibodies stand at the forefront of the immune defense system, offering a sophisticated mechanism for recognizing and neutralizing a vast array of pathogens, including bacteria, ...

The complex interplay between chemokines and cytokines is fundamental to the immune system's function, orchestrating the body's response to infection, inflammation, and injury. This detailed anal ...

What are Natural Killer Cells? Natural Killer (NK) cells are a vital subset of lymphocytes, belonging to the same family as B cells and T cells, collectively known a ...

By Rachel Bleach, PhD Student, RCSI By the age of 79 years, 1 in 14 women will develop breast cancer (Global Burden of Disease Cancer 2017). Beatson reporte ...

Delve into the role of Cleaved Caspase-3 in programmed cell death and its implications in disease pathologies, unraveling its regulatory mechanisms and potential as a therapeutic target.

By Shane Houston, PhD Candidate Queen’s University Belfast Cancer is an age old adversary of the human race. This out-of-control growth of abnormal cells has been a shadow over human health ...

The 3D Organoid Cell Viability Assay (AKES081) demonstrated high sensitivity and low cytotoxicity, making it ideal for long incubation studies (24-48 hours) and high-throughput applicat ...

Mitophagy, a term derived from the fusion of "mitochondria" and "autophagy," represents a vital cellular process responsible for the targeted degradation and recycling of dysfunctional mitocho ...

Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs) represent a fascinating component of the immune system, playing a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and mounting rapid responses against pathogens. Th ...

SciencePicture.Co— Scientific & Medical Illustration About SciencePicture.Co is a science and med ...

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) stands as a critical tool in the realm of biomedical research and diagnostic practices, offering a bridge between molecular insights and the intricate visualization of ...

Ahmad Gazali PhD candidate, University of Eastern Finland Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease where the pancreatic β cells that produce insulin, a key hormone involve ...

Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 (LAG-3) is an immune checkpoint receptor that plays a critical role in regulating T cell function. In recent years, LAG-3 has emerged as a potential target f ...

Enhancing Cancer Research: Syngeneic Mouse Models and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors A quick guide to Syngeneic Mouse Models Syngeneic Mouse Models Cancer research has seen rem ...

Quick Facts About ObinutuzumabWhat is Obinutuzumab?Obinutuzumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD20, primarily used in treating B-cell malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leuke ...

Centrifuges play a pivotal role in scientific research and various industries, enabling efficient separation and isolation of components within a sample. Understanding the relations ...

Incidence rate of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is one of the most common malignant diseases diagnosed in children. It ...

Enhancing PD-L1 Stability: The Role of EZH2 InhibitionIn recent years, the role of PD-L1 (Programmed Death-Ligand 1) in cancer immunotherapy has garnered significant attention, particularly regarding ...

Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is the most common form of kidney cancer, originating in the lining of the proximal renal tubules. RCC accounts for approximately 90% of all kidney cancers and ...

Key Facts About EtigilimabWhat is Etigilimab?Etigilimab is an anti-TIGIT monoclonal antibody being studied for its potential role in cancer immunotherapy.What role does Etigilimab play ...

T cells are central players in adaptive immunity, responsible for recognizing and eliminating infected or aberrant cells. Upon encountering antigens, T cells undergo clonal expansion and diffe ...

The Double-Edged Sword: How Neutrophil Traps Can Both Help and Hinder Cancer's Spread In the intricate battlefield of the human body, the immune system’s foot soldiers, neutrophils, have long been r ...

By Sinead Kinsella PhD The Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) The Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) is a regulatory machinery for protein turnover in ...

Pancreatic cancer survival rates Despite recent advances in our understanding of this disease, pancreatic cancer is one of the world’s most lethal maligna ...

Written by Seán Mac Fhearraigh, PhD  •  Updated: 19 May 2026  •  ~9 min read Quick Answer The five main types of ELISA are sandwich, competitive, direct, indirect and multiple ...

Quick Facts About BelantamabWhat is Belantamab?Belantamab Mafodotin is a cutting-edge antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) designed for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma ...

Quick Facts About AnifrolumabWhat is Anifrolumab?Anifrolumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets the type I interferon receptor, playing a crucial role in treating systemic lupus eryt ...

What You Need to Know About InebilizumabWhat is Inebilizumab?Inebilizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets CD19, a protein expressed on B cells, to treat autoimmune disea ...

Quick Facts About UtomilumabWhat is Utomilumab?Utomilumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting 4-1BB (CD137), a co-stimulatory receptor on T-cells, designed to enhance anti-tumor immunity ...

Social media has become a powerful tool for science communication, and Instagram is no exception. The platform is home to a diverse array of science influencers, ranging from PhD students to esta ...

Introduction to SLAMF7 in Cancer Immunotherapy SLAMF7, also known as Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule F7, is a surface receptor found on natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, ...

Quick Facts About PonsegromabWhat is Ponsegromab?Ponsegromab is an investigational monoclonal antibody developed by Pfizer, primarily studied for its potential in treating heart failure ...

Quick Facts About AlemtuzumabWhat is Alemtuzumab?Alemtuzumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD52, primarily used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and certain cancers like ...

Exploring the realm of B cells, this piece delves into the intricacies of these white blood cells, pivotal in humoral immunity. Through the lens of CD markers and immunophenotyping, we unravel ...

The Assay Genie 3D Organoid Cell Viability Assay (AKES081) provided superior results compared to ThermoScientific PrestoBlue, maintaining over 100% viability at all time points in untre ...

Explore the diverse roles and functionalities of granulocytes - neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells - as they form a critical line of defense in the immune system, res ...

Quick Facts About CarlumabWhat is Carlumab?Carlumab is a monoclonal antibody developed to target CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), a key mediator in inflammatory diseases and cancer progres ...

Quick Facts About BococizumabWhat is Bococizumab?Bococizumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets PCSK9, a protein involved in cholesterol regulation.How Does Bococizumab Work?It inhib ...

Mycoplasma Testing Mycoplasma Detection & Elimination Kits Visually detect Mycoplasma by eye in 1 hour! View Validation h1.page-heading{ display: ...

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Immunohistochemistry Protocol Guide Introduction Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a technique widely used in histology and pathology ...

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