Our antibody range spans recombinant, secondary, in vivo, biosimilar, KO-validated, epigenetic, ChIP, flow cytometry, IHC, loading-control and anti-tag antibodies, plus membrane antibody arrays — covering monoclonal, polyclonal and recombinant formats for applications from Western blot to flow cytometry.

A knockout (KO) validated antibody has been tested on a cell line in which the target gene has been deleted, typically by CRISPR. Signal should be present in wild-type cells and absent in the knockout, which is one of the most rigorous ways to confirm that an antibody detects only its intended target and gives you confidence in your results.

Monoclonal antibodies recognise a single epitope and offer high specificity and consistency. Polyclonal antibodies recognise multiple epitopes, often giving stronger signal but more lot-to-lot variation. Recombinant antibodies are produced from defined, cloned sequences, combining monoclonal specificity with excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility for long-term projects.

Use our in vivo (functional-grade) antibodies, which are purified to low or ultra-low endotoxin levels and are aggregate-free, making them appropriate for pre-clinical work such as checkpoint-blockade and immune-cell depletion studies. Standard research-grade antibodies are not recommended for in vivo administration.

Match the secondary to the host species and isotype of your primary antibody (for example, an anti-rabbit secondary for a rabbit primary), then choose a conjugate — HRP for chemiluminescent blots, or a fluorophore for imaging and flow — suited to your detection system. Our secondary antibody guide walks through each step.

Each product page lists the applications an antibody has been validated for (WB, IHC, IF, flow cytometry, ELISA and others) along with recommended dilutions and supporting data. If you can't find validation for your specific application or species, our PhD-level technical team is happy to advise before you order.