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The advent of immune checkpoint targeting marks a significant milestone in the oncological field, offering a beacon of hope for patients battling cancer. This innovative approach leverages the bod

Quick answer On the Periaxin (PRX) ELISA, a researcher found every serum sample reading above the top standard — optical density (OD) around 2.8–3.0 at 450 nm, well beyond the highest

Mouse Multiplex ELISA & Cytokine Assay Panels | Assay Genie

Imagine a high-stakes game of hide-and-seek where the seeker is your immune system and the hider is a master of disguise: cancer. For decades, we believed the 'wanted' posters for tumor cells were li

Since I am from Ireland I thought I would give as comprehensive view as possible for Research Universities in Ireland. By now you are probably considering looking for a PhD or PostDoc positi

Quick Facts About Ladiratuzumab VedotinWhat is Ladiratuzumab Vedotin?Ladiratuzumab Vedotin is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) designed to target LIV-1, a protein commonly expressed in t

High Sensitivity Cytokine ELISA Kits & Multiplex Panels | Assay Genie

The germinal centre is where antibody quality is made. A naive B cell that binds antigen does not become a source of protective, high-affinity IgG by accident. It passes through a tightly choreograph

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) stands as a critical tool in the realm of biomedical research and diagnostic practices, offering a bridge between molecular insights and the intricate visualization of t

Methods · FluorescenceFRET Assays: Principle, Förster Radius and Measurement MethodsFRET transfers energy from an excited donor fluorophore to a nearby acceptor without emitting a photon, and the effi

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the body's immune system to fight malignancies. Among the notable advancements in this field is the development of immune c

Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 (LAG-3) is an immune checkpoint receptor that plays a critical role in regulating T cell function. In recent years, LAG-3 has emerged as a potential target fo

A natural killer cell decides by subtraction. It carries no rearranged antigen receptor and no memory of what it has seen. It presses a panel of germline-encoded receptors against a target and integr

The inflammasome is one of the few innate pathways that destroys the cell it activates. A macrophage that assembles NLRP3 has committed to a decision it cannot reverse: a priming signal through TLR4

Key Facts: PembrolizumabIs Pembrolizumab Safe?Pembrolizumab is widely recognized as safe for most patients, with side effects ranging from mild to severe. Commonly reported side effects

Human Multiplex Cytokine ELISA Panels | Assay Genie

What is VEGF? Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (VEGFs) are a group of homodimeric polypeptides, and are master regulators of vascular development, maintenance and a

Immunology · Innate ImmunityInnate Immunity: Components, Functions & First Line of DefenceThe innate immune system is the body’s first line of defence — a fast, non-specific response built from physic

3D Organoid Cell Viability Assay (AKES081) effectively measures BENO model viability across different storage conditions. AKES081 detects significant viability differences, particularly

High Sensitivity Cytokine ELISA Kits & Multiplex Panels | Assay Genie

PVR (Poliovirus receptor), also known as CD155, is a molecule that plays a dual role in regulating the immune response within the tumor microenvironment. While initially discovered as a r

蛋白质印迹缓冲液与配方（中文） | Assay Genie

Signal 1 tells a T cell what it is looking at; signal 2 tells it whether to care. The same peptide–MHC engagement that launches a productive effector response can just as easily install an anergy pro

Toll-like receptors are the reason a milligram of endotoxin can kill a mouse. They are the fastest, least discriminating layer of immunity: germline-encoded sensors that read conserved microbial chem

The MycoGenie Rapid Mycoplasma Detection Kit enables the detection of 28 Mycoplasma species in under 1 hour using a simple visual determination method, eliminating the need for expensive

The angiotensin pathway is a pivotal hormonal system that plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance within the body. This complex biochemical

Recent advances in immunotherapy have highlighted the importance of targeting immune checkpoints to enhance the immune system’s ability to combat cancer. A new potential target in this gr

血细胞计数器使用指南（工作原理与细胞计数计算） | Assay Genie

Enhancing PD-L1 Stability: The Role of EZH2 InhibitionIn recent years, the role of PD-L1 (Programmed Death-Ligand 1) in cancer immunotherapy has garnered significant attention, particularly regarding

Cell Signalling · Receptor BiologyGPCRs (G Protein-Coupled Receptors): A Complete GuideG protein-coupled receptors are the largest family of cell-surface receptors in the human genome and the ta

Lab Methods · CentrifugationRPM to G-Force (RCF) Conversion: Formula, Calculator Method and Common ErrorsA protocol that says “spin at 3,000 rpm” is incomplete, because the force a sample experiences

The fight against B cell cancers, a challenging spectrum of hematologic malignancies, has entered a new era with the introduction of rituximab biosimilars. These biosimilars promise to extend the

In Vivo Antibody Sampler Packs | Checkpoint & Depletion Panels | Assay Genie

Western Blot Protocol & Troubleshooting Guide | 14 Steps + 101 Tips | Assay Genie

In recent years, the field of oncology has witnessed a paradigm shift with the advent of immunotherapy, a treatment modality that harnesses the body's immune system to combat cancer. Among the mos

PI3K does not switch on a protein — it rewrites a membrane. Everything downstream follows from one chemical event: the 3-hydroxyl of a phosphoinositide is phosphorylated, PIP₂ becomes PIP₃, and every

SfN 2024: Meet Assay Genie at the Society for NeuroscienceAssay Genie is delighted to be attending SfN 2024 in Chicago, Illinois on 5th to the 9th of October at the McCormick Convention

The innate immune system, a primary line of defense against pathogens, comprises various cellular and molecular mechanisms. Among these, the Nod-like Receptor (NLR) signaling pathways play a criti

Exploring IL-18: A key cytokine in inflammation and disease. Key Takeaways: IL-18, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a pivotal role in immune responses, particularly in inducing Type II

In most solid tumours the largest immune population is not a T cell. It is a myeloid cell that has been recruited, expanded and re-educated by the tumour itself. Tumour-associated macrophages and mye

Quick Facts About RelatlimabWhat is Relatlimab?Relatlimab is a monoclonal antibody that targets LAG-3 (Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3), a key immune checkpoint involved in T-cell regulatio

The T-cell receptor is the most finely calibrated detector in immunology. It must discriminate an agonist peptide present at a few dozen copies from a self peptide present at tens of thousands, and i

免疫组织化学缓冲液与配方（IHC，中文） | Assay Genie

T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3) is an immune checkpoint receptor that plays a pivotal role in T cell exhaustion, a state where T cells lose their ability to ef

Written by Seán Mac Fhearraigh, PhD  •  Updated: 19 May 2026  •  ~9 min read Quick Answer ELISA and Western Blot are both antibody-based protein detection methods. ELISA is faster, higher through

IntroductionCancer cells have developed sophisticated mechanisms to evade the immune system, particularly through the inhibition of T-cell responses. One such mechanism involves the progr

TIGIT (T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains) has emerged as a promising target in cancer immunotherapy and the treatment of autoimmune diseases. As a checkpoint receptor, TIGIT

QuickStep ELISA Kits | 90-Minute 1-Wash Assays | Assay Genie

As atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory disease, there are many influential biomarkers that contribute to the disease’s progression as well as biomarkers from atherosclerosis related di

MORV0013 functioned effectively in both qPCR machines and water baths, with or without paraffin oil, maintaining consistent sensitivity and specificity. MORV0013 performed reliably betwe

Molecular Biology · Techniques Guide Types of PCR – 7 Methods, Principles & Applications PCR stands as a cornerstone in molecular biology, ena

T cells are central players in adaptive immunity, responsible for recognizing and eliminating infected or aberrant cells. Upon encountering antigens, T cells undergo clonal expansion and differ

Inflammasomes are complex intracellular structures that play a pivotal role in the immune response by detecting pathogenic microorganisms and sterile stressors. Their activation is a critical step

At Assay Genie we have created a comprehensive guide outlining everything you need to know about apoptosis! Key Takeaways: Apoptosis is a programmed cell death process, vital for tissue

Endocrinology · ImmunologyCortisol and the Immune ResponseCortisol is the body’s primary stress hormone — a glucocorticoid released by the adrenal gland that powerfully shapes the immune system. Actin

Quick answer A researcher preparing a Human IL-18 ELISA wasn't sure whether the protocol's “300-fold” HRP-Streptavidin step meant adding 40 µL of concentrat

Key Facts About VibostolimabWhat is Vibostolimab?Vibostolimab is an anti-TIGIT monoclonal antibody developed by Merck, targeting immune checkpoint pathways to enhance anti-tumor immunity

Introduction to CD155 in Cancer ImmunotherapyCD155, also known as Poliovirus Receptor (PVR), is a transmembrane protein that plays a pivotal role in tumor immune evasion. While CD155 is n

Biomarkers · InflammationC-Reactive Protein (CRP): Structure, Function and Clinical UseCRP is the most widely measured marker of inflammation in medicine — fast to rise, fast to fall, and entirely non

Introduction Transformation of bacteria with plasmids is not only of note for bacterial studies but also can be used for gene expression studies in mammalian cells. Most plasmids are of bact

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