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Gut Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases (Post)
What is Gut Inflammation? The gut, or gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a long tube that starts from the mouth and extends to the anus. It includes various organs such
5 Types of Immunoglobulins: IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD & IgE(Post)Immunology Guide 5 Types of Immunoglobulins: IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD & IgE The five antibody classes that drive immune defence — their structure, fun
mRNA-1010 and Beyond: How Moderna's mRNA Platform is Revolutionizing Hantavirus Vaccine Development(Post)Hantavirus, a silent threat lurking in rodent populations, has long posed a significant public health challenge with its severe and often fatal outcomes. For decades, the quest for effective vaccines
The Role of Tumor Suppressor Genes in Cancer: Knudson Hypothesis & Oncogenes(Post)Cancer Biology · GeneticsTumour Suppressor Genes: Roles, Examples & CancerTumour suppressor genes are the brakes on cell growth — they restrain proliferation, repair damaged DNA and trigger apoptosis
Cytokine neutralisation network(Page) Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF)(Post)Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) is a cytokine that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes within the human body. It has gained significant attention in the field of
Leukocyte Adhesion Cascade(Page) Personalized Vaccines in Cancer Treatment: The Future of Immunotherapy(Post)What Are Personalized Cancer Vaccines? Personalized cancer vaccines are a cutting-edge approach in cancer treatment that are designed to activate a patient's immune sy
Myeloid reprogramming in the tumour microenvironment(Page) Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH)(Post)Pyruvate dehydrogenase is a complex enzyme involved in the conversion of pyruvate, a product of glycolysis, into acetyl-CoA, a crucial molecule in energy production and intermediary
What is RNAi? All You Need to Know(Post)Molecular Biology · Gene SilencingWhat is RNAi? A Complete Guide to RNA InterferenceRNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved biological process in which small double-stranded RNA molecules silence gene
Blood Coagulation Signaling Pathways: A Critical Overview(Post)Cell Signalling · HaemostasisBlood Coagulation Signaling Pathways: A Critical OverviewBlood coagulation is a tightly regulated cascade in which circulating clotting factors are sequentially activated
T-Cell Co-Stimulation & Agonist Checkpoint Pathway(Page) Regulatory T-cell (Treg) suppression & the IL-2 axis(Page) The Environmental Shift: How Climate Change and Biodiversity Loss are Driving the Hantavirus Surge(Post)The year 2026 has brought an unsettling spotlight onto an old adversary: Hantavirus. What began as isolated cases has rapidly escalated into a multi-country surge, leaving scientists and public healt
B-cell activation and the germinal centre reaction(Page) Autophagy in Focus: Molecular Mechanisms and Functional Insights(Post)Autophagy, a fundamental cellular process, plays an indispensable role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and ensuring the efficient recycling of cellular components. Through this p
The Role of Zonulin In Intestinal Permeability (Post)Gastroenterology · Barrier BiologyZonulin and Intestinal PermeabilityZonulin is the best-characterised endogenous regulator of intestinal tight junctions — the protein that opens the gut barrier on de
Sepsis and Immune Dysregulation(Post)Exploring sepsis: a critical imbalance in the immune response to infection. Key Takeaways: Sepsis is a severe, immune-driven response to infection causing systemic inflammation and potent
Macrophage Phagocytosis & the CD47–SIRPα Checkpoint(Page) Monocytes: An Overview (Post)Monocytes, as part of the innate immune system, act as the first line of defense against foreign invaders. One of their primary functions is phagocytosis, a crucial process in which they engulf
Cystic Fibrosis: Causes, Inheritance, Treatment and Diagnosis(Post)What is Cystic Fibrosis? Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that impairs the body's ability to produce sweat and thick mucus. CF causes mucus to build up in t
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) (Post)What is Hepatocyte Growth Factor? Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a cytokine that is mainly produced by the liver. HGF is a pleiotrophic cytokine that regulates cell growth, motilit
The Gut Microbiome and Autoimmune Diseases: How Gut Bacteria Influence Immune Response(Post)What are Autoimmune Diseases? Autoimmune diseases are a diverse group of disorders where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells, tissues, and organs
The Research Pulse 2026: Where Biology Is Heading, According to PubMed and 300,000 Researcher Visits(Post)Research Pulse · Data study Where biology is heading: what PubMed and 300,000 researcher visits reveal We compared five years of PubMed publication counts with two years of researcher visits to Assa
Cgas sting pathway deep · HT(Page) cGAS-STING cytosolic DNA sensing(Page) VEGF: Inflammation and Tumourigenesis(Post)What is VEGF? Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (VEGFs) are a group of homodimeric polypeptides, and are master regulators of vascular development, maintenance and a
A Guide To Tau Proteins & Tauopathies(Post)Neuroscience · BiomarkersA Guide to Tau Proteins & TauopathiesTau keeps the neuronal cytoskeleton standing up. When its phosphorylation goes wrong, the same protein becomes the aggregate that defines
Chemokine Receptors and Leukocyte Trafficking(Page) Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) & Innate Sensing(Page) PD-1 PD-L1 Pathway Diagram(Page) In Vitro vs In Vivo: Complete Comparison + Selection Guide | Research Methods(Post)Discover the distinct roles of 'In Vivo' and 'In Vitro' in biological research, where one offers a natural context and the other precise control, both vital for scientific advancement.
Xeroderma pigmentosum: Causes, Inheritance, Treatment and Diagnosis(Post)What is Xeroderma Pigmentosum? Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) also known De Sanctis-Cacchione syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects the skin, eyes and central nervous system. It is ca
TNF Receptor Superfamily: TNFR1 vs TNFR2(Page) SfN Neuroscience 2024(Post)SfN 2024: Meet Assay Genie at the Society for NeuroscienceAssay Genie is delighted to be attending SfN 2024 in Chicago, Illinois on 5th to the 9th of October at the McCormick Convention
Co-Inhibitory Checkpoints & T-Cell Exhaustion(Page) Interferon Axis — Type I & Type II Signalling(Page) Resources(Page) Macrophage, M1 & M2, Polarization and Function(Post)What is a Macrophage? Macrophages are indeed a type of phagocyte, responsible for engulfing and destroying foreign particles and cellular debris. They are larger cells with more cytoplasm an
Assay Genie New Asian Distributor May 2024(Post)Dublin, Ireland — May 20th 2024 — Assay Genie, a leading supplier of ELISA Kits, Antibodies, Cellular Assays, and In Vivo Monoclonal Antibodies, is pleased to announce partnerships with three new
Exhibition at the University of Oxford's BioEscalator(Post)Showcasing Innovation Assay Genie recently took part in an engaging event at Oxford’s BioEscalator, a leading innovation hub supporting scientific progress and entrepreneurship. The day
Cancer Metabolism: Tumorigenesis, Metabolic Therapy & The Warburg Effect(Post)Cancer Metabolism is the mechanism by which cancer cells make energy in order for them to grow and spread. Even in the presence of oxygen, cancer cells increase glucose uptake and produce lactate,
Platelets : The Unassuming Heroes of Blood Circulation(Post)Haematology · HaemostasisPlatelets: Formation, Structure, Activation and Clinical SignificancePlatelets are anucleate fragments shed from megakaryocytes, and they carry out primary haemostasis — adher
von Willebrand Factor and Cancer(Post)What is von Willebrand Factor? Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) is a crucial glycoprotein that plays a fundamental role in blood clotting and hemostasis. Produced by endot
Neuroimmunology: The Immune System of the CNS(Post)What is Neuroimmunology? Neuroimmunology is a multidisciplinary scientific field dedicated to investigating the intricate and bidirectional interactions between the c
CD11b: Macrophages and Microglia Marker(Post)The immune system plays a critical role in defending the body against pathogens and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Within the intricate network of immune cells, CD11b, also known as integ
The EGFR/HER Family: Dimerisation, Ligand Independence & Resistance(Page) Glucose Assay Saliva Troubleshooting: Fixing Low Readings(Post)Quick answer A researcher measuring glucose in human saliva on the fluorometric procedure of a glucose assay kit had a textbook standard curve, yet every sample read far below the expe
TLR Innate Sensing Pathway: Receptors, MyD88/TRIF and Assays(Post)Toll-like receptors are the reason a milligram of endotoxin can kill a mouse. They are the fastest, least discriminating layer of immunity: germline-encoded sensors that read conserved microbial chem
B-Cell Depletion and the BAFF-APRIL Axis(Page) PI3K / AKT / mTOR Signalling in T Cells(Page) Mycoplasma Troubleshooting Tips & FAQ(Page) Prevention and Risk Mitigation: Strategies to Reduce Hantavirus Exposure in a Changing World(Post)As hantavirus cases continue to rise globally, the question becomes not just how to detect infections, but how to prevent them in the first place. Recent epidemiological investigations across Califor
p38 MAPK Signaling Review(Post)The p38 MAPK signaling pathway is an intracellular signaling pathway that plays a crucial role in cellular responses to various stressors and inflammatory stimuli. It is a part of the larger MAPK
Innate Immunity: Components, Functions & First Line of Defence(Post)Immunology · Innate ImmunityInnate Immunity: Components, Functions & First Line of DefenceThe innate immune system is the body’s first line of defence — a fast, non-specific response built from physic
What is the difference between PBS and dPBS?(Post)Lab Buffers · ProtocolsPBS vs DPBS: What’s the Difference?PBS and DPBS are the everyday isotonic, pH-balanced salt solutions used to wash, dilute and transport cells and proteins. This guide bre
Oligodendrocytes: Complete Guide + Functions & Development(Post)Oligodendrocytes are pivotal CNS cells, integral for myelin formation and nerve function, with implications in various neurological disorders. Key Takeaways Oligodendrocytes are specia
Agonist Antibodies: Why CD40, OX40 & 4-1BB Need FcγR Crosslinking(Page) TCA Cycle Assays(Page) Cytokine Release Syndrome and the IL-6 Axis(Page) Anti-Angiogenics Do Not Starve Tumours. They Open Them.(Post)Anti-angiogenic therapy does not work by starving tumours, and the trials that assumed it did are the reason the field spent a decade disappointed. Cutting off the blood supply was the original pitch
Apoptosis Unveiled: Your Complete Guide to Intrinsic & Extrinsic Pathways(Post)Cell Biology · Programmed Cell DeathApoptosis: Your Complete Guide to Intrinsic & Extrinsic PathwaysApoptosis is programmed cell death — the controlled, non-inflammatory removal of damaged or unwanted
NF-κB Signalling Pathway(Page) Nfkb signalling pathway · HTM(Page) Granulocytes: Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils & Mast Cells(Post)Immunology · Myeloid CellsGranulocytes: Neutrophils, Eosinophils and BasophilsGranulocytes are the leukocytes with cytoplasmic granules and lobed nuclei — neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils. They
NK Cell Cytotoxicity Pathway: Receptors, Signalling and Assays(Post)A natural killer cell decides by subtraction. It carries no rearranged antigen receptor and no memory of what it has seen. It presses a panel of germline-encoded receptors against a target and integr
Denosumab: A Comprehensive Overview of Mechanism, Applications, and Research Advances(Post)Biologics · Bone MetabolismDenosumab: RANKL Inhibition, Clinical Applications and BiosimilarsDenosumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody against RANKL, the cytokine that drives osteoclast formation
Lactobacilli - Structure, Metabolism, and Testing(Post)Microbiology · ProbioticsLactobacilli: Structure, Metabolism, Identification and Probiotic UseLactobacilli are lactic acid bacteria found in fermented foods and across the human gastrointestinal, oral
SITC 2024 - Scientific Programme, Venue & Exhibition(Post)SITC 2024: Meet Assay Genie at the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer Annual MeetingAssay Genie is delighted to be attending and exhibiting at SITC 2024 in Houston, Texas on Friday the
IL-10 signalling and regulation(Post)Explore the complexities of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) signaling and regulation, a crucial aspect in immune response modulation and its dual roles in cancer development and therapy. Key Takeaways:
Microglial Functions Explained: Immunity, Inflammation & Neurodegeneration(Post)Neuroscience · NeuroimmunologyMicroglial Functions: Immunity, Inflammation & NeurodegenerationMicroglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system — dynamic sentinels that survey the
AID, Hypermutation and B-Cell Lymphoma(Page) The role of IL-18 in health and disease(Post)Exploring IL-18: A key cytokine in inflammation and disease. Key Takeaways: IL-18, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a pivotal role in immune responses, particularly in inducing Type II
Apoptosis Pathway: Death Receptor, Mitochondrial and Granzyme Routes(Post)Apoptosis is not one pathway but three routes into the same execution machinery. A death ligand at the surface, a mitochondrion that loses outer-membrane integrity, and a granzyme delivered by a cyto
C-Reactive Protein (CRP): Function, Levels & What They Mean(Post)Biomarkers · InflammationC-Reactive Protein (CRP): Structure, Function and Clinical UseCRP is the most widely measured marker of inflammation in medicine — fast to rise, fast to fall, and entirely non
Tumour Angiogenesis and the VEGF Axis(Page) The Complement Cascade and Its Regulators(Page) Bcell germinal centre pathway(Page)