3024 results for 'give r gear'

Oxidative Stress Assay Kits | ROS, Antioxidant & Glutathione | Assay Genie

Biochemistry · Cell SignallingPhosphorylation: Types, ATP Synthesis and Cell SignallingAdding a phosphate group is how cells both store energy and switch proteins on and off. The same chemistry underl

Announcement · Powered by Assay GenieIntroducing BioSymposia: The Gathering Place for ScienceWe’re excited to announce the launch of BioSymposia, our new sister platform and a free home for scientific

Cell Culture · ProtocolsPassaging Hybridoma Cells: A Detailed GuideHybridomas are productive but temperamental. They grow in suspension, are sensitive to shear and to overgrowth, and — the problem tha

Cancer Biology · Cell Signallingp53: Structure, Signalling, Regulation and Mutation in Cancerp53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer, and the reason is structural: a single tetrameric

Haematology · HaemostasisPlatelets: Formation, Structure, Activation and Clinical SignificancePlatelets are anucleate fragments shed from megakaryocytes, and they carry out primary haemostasis — adher

Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) is a cytokine that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes within the human body. It has gained significant attention in the field of

Neuroscience · BiomarkersA Guide to Tau Proteins & TauopathiesTau keeps the neuronal cytoskeleton standing up. When its phosphorylation goes wrong, the same protein becomes the aggregate that defines

Immunophenotyping by Flow Cytometry Immunophenotyping is a technique used in the field of immunology and cell biology to identify and classify cells based on the specific proteins o

Melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer that originates in melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin, which gives skin its color. Although it is less common than othe

Since I am from Ireland I thought I would give as comprehensive view as possible for Research Universities in Ireland. By now you are probably considering looking for a PhD or PostDoc positi

Ferroptosis Assay Kits | Lipid Peroxidation, Iron & Glutathione | Assay Genie

Metabolism · Biochemistry Guide Cellular Respiration: Stages, ATP Production & Pathway Guide How cells convert glucose and oxygen into ATP acr

Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, triggers an immune response that produces antibodies detectable by laboratory tests. Diagnosing syphilis often involves detecting thes

Techniques · Gel ElectrophoresisAgarose vs Polyacrylamide: A Comparative AnalysisAgarose and polyacrylamide are the two workhorse gel matrices of electrophoresis. Agarose gels resolve larger DNA and R

What is Hepatocyte Growth Factor? Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a cytokine that is mainly produced by the liver. HGF is a pleiotrophic cytokine that regulates cell growth, motilit

Cell Biology · Protein DegradationThe Autophagy Pathway: Mechanism, Regulation and How to Measure ItAutophagy is the cell’s route for degrading and recycling its own contents — damaged organelles, agg

Immunology · Antibody ProductionHybridoma Technology: How Monoclonal Antibodies Are MadeHybridoma technology, pioneered by Georges Köhler and César Milstein in 1975, is the method that made monoclonal

Cell Signalling · CytokinesJAK-STAT Signalling: Mechanism, Regulation and InhibitorsJAK-STAT is the shortest route from a cytokine outside the cell to a change in gene transcription — receptor engagem

What is Immunometabolism? Immunometabolism is an exponentially growing, multi-disciplinary field of research aiming at deciphering the dynamic cellular and mole

Quick answer A competitive ELISA is running correctly when the blank (zero standard) gives the highest OD, the standard curve drops smoothly with rising concentration, and your samples land in the

The Assay Genie 3D Organoid Cell Viability Assay (AKES081) provided superior results compared to ThermoScientific PrestoBlue, maintaining over 100% viability at all time points in untrea

Bone Biology · BiomarkersBone Resorption: Process, Markers & Clinical SignificanceBone resorption is the process by which osteoclasts break down bone tissue and release its stored minerals into the bl

Waardenburg Syndrome: A Rare Genetic Disorder Affecting Pigmentation, Hearing, and More Waardenburg Syndrome (WS) is a fascinating and rare genetic disorder that impacts various aspe

Microbiology · ProbioticsLactobacilli: Structure, Metabolism, Identification and Probiotic UseLactobacilli are lactic acid bacteria found in fermented foods and across the human gastrointestinal, oral

Radial glial cells are essential in shaping the nervous system, serving dual roles in neurogenesis and structural support during the brain's developmental stages. Key Takeaways: Radi

Only 1% of our blood is made up of white blood cells, but they have a significant impact. Alternatively referred to as leukocytes, white blood cells. We are shielded from disease and

Immunology · NeuroscienceHistamine Receptors: H1, H2, H3 & H4 ExplainedHistamine receptors are the G protein-coupled receptors through which histamine controls allergy, gastric acid secretion, neurotr

Haematology · CoagulationBlood Coagulation Pathway: Factors, Cascade and DisordersThe coagulation cascade is usually taught as two pathways converging on a common one. That framework maps neatly onto

QUICK ANSWER A researcher ran a competitive 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) ELISA on red blood cell (RBC) lysate. The standard curve was textbook, yet every lysate sample read at th

Quick Info Section: Key Facts About MogamulizumabWhat is Mogamulizumab?Mogamulizumab is an anti-CCR4 monoclonal antibody used primarily for treating certain cancers, including cutaneous

Oxidative Stress Definition Oxidative stress is a condition that results when the body produces or consumes more reactive oxygen species (ROS) than it can neutraliz

Microbiology · AntibioticsPenicillin vs Streptomycin: The Battle of AntibioticsPenicillin and streptomycin are two of the most important antibiotics ever discovered — and they work in completely diffe

Techniques · Gene DeliveryTransduction vs Transfection: Understanding Gene Delivery TechniquesTransduction and transfection are the two main routes for introducing genetic material into cells. Transdu

Imagine a microscopic sniper, capable of delivering a lethal blow to a single cancer cell while leaving its healthy neighbors virtually untouched. This is the promise of targeted alpha therapy, a rev

Immunology · Flow CytometryT Cell Immunophenotyping: Markers, Subsets and Panel DesignImmunophenotyping identifies cell populations by the proteins on their surface. For T cells that means resolving n

What is a Macrophage? Macrophages are indeed a type of phagocyte, responsible for engulfing and destroying foreign particles and cellular debris. They are larger cells with more cytoplasm an

Cancer Biology · GeneticsTumour Suppressor Genes: Roles, Examples & CancerTumour suppressor genes are the brakes on cell growth — they restrain proliferation, repair damaged DNA and trigger apoptosis

Molecular Biology · Gene SilencingWhat is RNAi? A Complete Guide to RNA InterferenceRNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved biological process in which small double-stranded RNA molecules silence gene

Metabolism · Biochemistry GuideBeta-Oxidation of Fatty AcidsBeta-oxidation is the mitochondrial pathway that breaks fatty acids down into acetyl-CoA for energy. This guide covers where it happen

Immunology Guide MHC Class I vs Class II: Key Differences & Functions [Guide] Major Histocompatibility Complex molecules present antigens to T

Written by Seán Mac Fhearraigh, PhD  •  Updated: 19 May 2026  •  ~9 min read Quick Answer The five main types of ELISA are sandwich, competitive, direct, indirect and multiplex. Sandwich ELISA is

References Key Points Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures are artificially-created environments in which cells are permitted to grow or interact with their surroundings in a 3D fa

Introduction Transformation of bacteria with plasmids is not only of note for bacterial studies but also can be used for gene expression studies in mammalian cells. Most plasmids are of bact

HIV Virus: Replication Cycle and Pathogenesis in absence of HAART The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a formidable pathogen that has posed a significant global

Immunology Guide 5 Types of Immunoglobulins: IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD & IgE The five antibody classes that drive immune defence — their structure, fun

Flow Cytometry · GatingExcluding Doublets in Flow Cytometry: Pulse Geometry and Gating StrategyTwo cells passing the laser together are recorded as one event, with roughly double the signal. In DNA co

Protein Analysis · ProtocolsWestern Blot Sample Preparation: A Practical GuideMost failed Western blots fail before the gel is loaded. Lysis buffer choice, inhibitor selection, accurate protein quanti

Immunology · T LymphocytesCD8+ T Cells: Cytotoxic Mechanisms, Memory and ExhaustionCD8+ T cells kill infected and transformed cells directly, and they do it with a specificity nothing else in the immu

Cell Death · BiomarkersCleaved Caspase-3: Activation, Function and Detection in ApoptosisCaspase-3 sits at the point where apoptotic signalling becomes irreversible. It is made as an inactive proenzym

Gastroenterology · Barrier BiologyZonulin and Intestinal PermeabilityZonulin is the best-characterised endogenous regulator of intestinal tight junctions — the protein that opens the gut barrier on de

Cell Biology · PathologyNecrosis: Types, Causes, Mechanisms and How It Is MeasuredNecrosis is cell death accompanied by membrane rupture and release of intracellular contents — which is what makes it