10377 results for 'give addit'

Introduction to CD155 in Cancer ImmunotherapyCD155, also known as Poliovirus Receptor (PVR), is a transmembrane protein that plays a pivotal role in tumor immune evasion. While CD155 is n

Quick Facts About MonalizumabWhat is Monalizumab?Monalizumab is a first-in-class immune checkpoint inhibitor targeting NKG2A, developed to enhance anti-tumor immune response by blocking

CD25, a key molecule in immune regulation, is integral to the function of activated lymphocytes and regulatory T cells. It's central in mediating immune responses, with implications in autoimmune

Schwann cells are cells that play a vital role in nerve function. They are responsible for myelinating axons and helping to ensure the transmission of electrical signals between neurons. Schwann c

Oligodendrocytes are pivotal CNS cells, integral for myelin formation and nerve function, with implications in various neurological disorders. Key Takeaways Oligodendrocytes are specia

Discover the distinct roles of 'In Vivo' and 'In Vitro' in biological research, where one offers a natural context and the other precise control, both vital for scientific advancement.

Introduction to TREM2 and Tumor-Associated Macrophages in CancerTREM2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2) is an immunoregulatory receptor primarily expressed on macrophages

Complete T Helper Cell Guide: Th1, Th2, Th17 & Functions - Your Ultimate Resource from Assay GenieIn this guide, we will explore the differences between TH1 and TH2 cells, their crucial r

Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment landscape for various malignancies. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies is the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, part

T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3) is an immune checkpoint receptor that plays a pivotal role in T cell exhaustion, a state where T cells lose their ability to ef

This article breaks down the glycoprotein Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) detailing its structure, function and therapeutic uses. It also describes its role in imm

Immunology · Complement SystemThe Alternative Complement PathwayThe alternative pathway is one of three routes that activate complement — an antibody-independent, always-on surveillance system d

Monocytes, as part of the innate immune system, act as the first line of defense against foreign invaders. One of their primary functions is phagocytosis, a crucial process in which they engulf

Immunology · T LymphocytesCD8+ T Cells: Cytotoxic Mechanisms, Memory and ExhaustionCD8+ T cells kill infected and transformed cells directly, and they do it with a specificity nothing else in the immu

In Vivo Methods · ProtocolsMouse Injection Guide: Intraperitoneal, Subcutaneous, Intramuscular & Intravenous RoutesRoute choice and injection technique determine how much of a dose actually reaches it

Oct-4 stem cells, also known as Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 stem cells, are a fascinating area of study in the field of stem cell research. These stem cells hold great promise due to th

Gastroenterology · Barrier BiologyZonulin and Intestinal PermeabilityZonulin is the best-characterised endogenous regulator of intestinal tight junctions — the protein that opens the gut barrier on de

Introduction to BTLA in Immune Regulation B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is an immune checkpoint molecule that plays a critical role in regulating immune responses by suppressing T

Antibodies · Reagent GuideMonoclonal vs Polyclonal Antibodies: Key DifferencesMonoclonal and polyclonal antibodies are the two workhorse reagent types in research, diagnostics and therapy. Monoclonals

Research Pulse · Data study Where biology is heading: what PubMed and 300,000 researcher visits reveal We compared five years of PubMed publication counts with two years of researcher visits to Assa

Explore 29 essential tips for crafting a compelling and well-structured PhD thesis, blending effective writing practices with time management and academic rigor for a successful dissertation journ

Quick answer: A researcher subtracted the blank from a competitive ELISA (a Serotonin kit) and every result turned negative. In a competitive assay the signal is inversely proportional to

Secondary Antibodies | HRP, FITC, Cy3 & AP Conjugates | Assay Genie

Biologics · TNF InhibitionAdalimumab: Mechanism, Clinical Applications and BiosimilarsAdalimumab is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds tumour necrosis factor alpha and prevents it engag

A T-cell engager does not give the T cell an instruction. It gives it an address. A bispecific antibody with one arm on CD3 and the other on a tumour antigen forces two membranes into contact and let

SfN 2024: Meet Assay Genie at the Society for NeuroscienceAssay Genie is delighted to be attending SfN 2024 in Chicago, Illinois on 5th to the 9th of October at the McCormick Convention

Quick answer On the Fatty Acid Oxidation (FAO) Assay Kit (BR00001), a researcher found that a subset of skeletal-muscle samples returned negative values once the control well was subtr

Flow Cytometry Antibodies | 16,900+ Conjugates & Panel Builder | Assay Genie

Quick answer A researcher running an 8-OHdG ELISA and a creatinine ELISA on human urine got 8-OHdG/creatinine ratios in the hundreds, then the thousands, of ng/mg, far above the ~30–40

AACR 2025: Meet Assay Genie at the American Association for Cancer Research Assay Genie is delighted to be attending and exhibiting at AACR 2025 in Chicago, Illinois from the 25-30th of

Methods · FluorescenceFRET Assays: Principle, Förster Radius and Measurement MethodsFRET transfers energy from an excited donor fluorophore to a nearby acceptor without emitting a photon, and the effi

Cell Culture · ProtocolsHaemocytometer Cell Counting: Procedure, Calculation and Common ErrorsA haemocytometer turns a known chamber volume into a cell concentration, and the whole method rests on fou

Dozens of cytokines converge on four kinases and seven transcription factors. That compression is the problem JAK–STAT has to solve, and it is why this map is drawn as receptor, kinase and STAT colum

Western Blot Protocol & Troubleshooting Guide | 14 Steps + 101 Tips | Assay Genie

Making the switch! This article provides some help on CV writing tips for scientists for PhDs and PostDocs looking for jobs outside of academia and what they might need to

The neutrophil is the most heavily armed short-lived cell in the body. It leaves the marrow with its weapons already made — granules preloaded with elastase, myeloperoxidase and defensins — and spend

Lab Methods · CentrifugationRPM to G-Force (RCF) Conversion: Formula, Calculator Method and Common ErrorsA protocol that says “spin at 3,000 rpm” is incomplete, because the force a sample experiences

SITC 2024: Meet Assay Genie at the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer Annual MeetingAssay Genie is delighted to be attending and exhibiting at SITC 2024 in Houston, Texas on Friday the

Immunology · Antibody BiologyAntibody Light Chains, Heavy Chains, Constant Regions & Tumour-Associated AntigensAn antibody’s specificity comes from its variable domains and its biological effect comes

Molecular Biology · ProtocolsTypical Workflow of CRISPR-Cas9 Genome EditingA CRISPR experiment is only as good as the steps around the cut. This guide walks the full workflow — designing and scoring a

Loading Control Antibodies | GAPDH, \u03b2-Actin & Tubulin | Assay Genie

Immunology · Cell IsolationPeripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs): Composition, Isolation and UseMononuclear cells are the leukocytes with a single, unlobed nucleus — lymphocytes and monocytes. Is

Both interferon families run through STAT1, and that single shared subunit is why they are so often conflated — and why conflating them is a mistake. Type I interferon assembles STAT1 into a three-pa

Stem Cells: What are they and how they can help treat diseases Stem cells are a unique population of cells that possess the ability to self-renew and differentiate into specialized ce

Biochemistry · Protein Guide Amino Acids: Types, Functions, Structure & Essential Guide The 20 standard amino acids are the building blocks of

Explore antigen presentation's crucial role in adaptive immunity and its impact on cancer immunotherapy, highlighting the diversity and function of MHC class I molecules. Key Takeaway

Glycolysis & Carbohydrate Assay Kits | Glucose, Lactate, ATP | Assay Genie

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Immunodetection · ProtocolsSecondary Antibody Incubation: Times, Conditions and TroubleshootingThe secondary antibody step determines how much signal you get and how much background comes with it. Inc

Embryonic induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold immense potential in the field of regenerative medicine due to their ability to differentiate into various cell types. Understanding the diffe

Cell Viability, Cytotoxicity & Proliferation Assay Kits | Assay Genie

Neuroscience · Myelin BiologyA Quick Guide to MyelinMyelin is the lipid-rich insulating sheath wrapped around nerve axons. Made by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in t

Quick answer When plates from the same lot give very different OD values, the cause is almost always a comparison problem, not a manufacturing problem. The three usual culprits are a t

Quick answer A researcher ran a high-sensitivity porcine insulin sandwich ELISA on EDTA plasma and saw main-run duplicate CVs as high as 29.6% (kit spec: intra-assay CV <8%) togethe

Apoptosis Assay Kits | Caspase, Annexin V, TUNEL & JC-1 | Assay Genie

Exploring IL-18: A key cytokine in inflammation and disease. Key Takeaways: IL-18, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a pivotal role in immune responses, particularly in inducing Type II

Mononuclear phagocytes, essential in immunity and homeostasis, perform diverse roles from phagocytosis to tissue repair, influencing health and disease. Key Takeaways: Mononuclear p

Oxidative Stress Assay Kits | ROS, Antioxidant & Glutathione | Assay Genie

Biochemistry · Cell SignallingPhosphorylation: Types, ATP Synthesis and Cell SignallingAdding a phosphate group is how cells both store energy and switch proteins on and off. The same chemistry underl