Description
Human AKR1C4/Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C4 ELISA Kit
The Human AKR1C4 (Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C4) ELISA Kit is a reliable tool for the accurate detection of AKR1C4 levels in human samples. This kit is suitable for use with serum, plasma, and cell culture supernatants, providing high sensitivity and specificity for dependable results in various research applications.AKR1C4 is an important enzyme belonging to the aldo-keto reductase family, playing a key role in steroid hormone metabolism and prostaglandin synthesis. Dysregulation of AKR1C4 has been linked to various diseases and conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and reproductive health issues.
As such, this ELISA kit serves as a valuable instrument for studying the role of AKR1C4 in disease pathology and potential therapeutic interventions.Overall, the Human AKR1C4 ELISA Kit offers researchers a powerful tool for investigating the function and significance of this enzyme in human health and disease, with the potential to contribute valuable insights for clinical research and drug development efforts.
| Product Name: | Human AKR1C4/Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C4 ELISA Kit |
| Product Code: | HUFI01881 |
| Size: | 96 Assays |
| Alias: | AKR1C4, 3-alpha-HSD, AKR1C4, CDR, CHDR, DD4, HAKRA, C11, DD-4 |
| Detection method: | Sandwich ELISA, Double Antibody |
| Application: | This immunoassay kit allows for the in vitro quantitative determination of Human AKR1C4 concentrations in serum plasma and other biological fluids. |
| Sensitivity: | 0.094ng/ml |
| Range: | 0.156-10ng/ml |
| Storage: | 4°C for 6 months |
| Note: | For Research Use Only |
| Recovery: | Matrices listed below were spiked with certain level of Human AKR1C4 and the recovery rates were calculated by comparing the measured value to the expected amount of Human AKR1C4 in samples. | ||||||||||||||||
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| Linearity: | The linearity of the kit was assayed by testing samples spiked with appropriate concentration of Human AKR1C4 and their serial dilutions. The results were demonstrated by the percentage of calculated concentration to the expected. | ||||||||||||||||
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| CV(%): | Intra-Assay: CV<8% Inter-Assay: CV<10% |
| Component | Quantity | Storage |
| ELISA Microplate (Dismountable) | 8×12 strips | 4°C for 6 months |
| Lyophilized Standard | 2 | 4°C/-20°C |
| Sample/Standard Dilution Buffer | 20ml | 4°C |
| Biotin-labeled Antibody(Concentrated) | 120ul | 4°C (Protect from light) |
| Antibody Dilution Buffer | 10ml | 4°C |
| HRP-Streptavidin Conjugate(SABC) | 120ul | 4°C (Protect from light) |
| SABC Dilution Buffer | 10ml | 4°C |
| TMB Substrate | 10ml | 4°C (Protect from light) |
| Stop Solution | 10ml | 4°C |
| Wash Buffer(25X) | 30ml | 4°C |
| Plate Sealer | 5 | - |
Other materials and equipment required:
- Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
- Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
- Incubator
- Deionized or distilled water
- Absorbent paper
- Buffer resevoir
| Uniprot | P17516 |
| UniProt Protein Function: | AKR1C4: Catalyzes the transformation of the potent androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) into the less active form, 5-alpha- androstan-3-alpha,17-beta-diol (3-alpha-diol). Also has some 20- alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. The biotransformation of the pesticide chlordecone (kepone) to its corresponding alcohol leads to increased biliary excretion of the pesticide and concomitant reduction of its neurotoxicity since bile is the major excretory route. Defects in AKR1C4 are a cause of 46,XY sex reversal type 8 (SRXY8). A disorder of sex development. Affected individuals have a 46,XY karyotype but present as phenotypically normal females. AKR1C4 mutations may act as modifier of disease severity in SRXY8 patients. A splicing mutation resulting in loss of exon 2 has been found in affected individuals also carrying mutation Val-79 in AKR1C2 (PubMed:21802064). Belongs to the aldo/keto reductase family. |
| UniProt Protein Details: | Protein type:Lipid Metabolism - androgen and estrogen; Oxidoreductase; Lipid Metabolism - C21-steroid hormone; Lipid Metabolism - primary bile acid biosynthesis; EC 1.1.1.357; Xenobiotic Metabolism - metabolism by cytochrome P450; EC 1.1.1.225 Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 10p15.1 Cellular Component: cytoplasm; cytosol Molecular Function:oxidoreductase activity, acting on NADH or NADPH, quinone or similar compound as acceptor; electron carrier activity; aldo-keto reductase activity; chlordecone reductase activity; 3(or 17)-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity; bile acid transmembrane transporter activity; retinal dehydrogenase activity Biological Process: steroid metabolic process; bile acid and bile salt transport; bile acid biosynthetic process; phototransduction, visible light; bile acid metabolic process; androgen metabolic process; retinoid metabolic process Disease: 46,xy Sex Reversal 8 |
| NCBI Summary: | This gene encodes a member of the aldo/keto reductase superfamily, which consists of more than 40 known enzymes and proteins. These enzymes catalyze the conversion of aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding alcohols by utilizing NADH and/or NADPH as cofactors. The enzymes display overlapping but distinct substrate specificity. This enzyme catalyzes the bioreduction of chlordecone, a toxic organochlorine pesticide, to chlordecone alcohol in liver. This gene shares high sequence identity with three other gene members and is clustered with those three genes at chromosome 10p15-p14. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UniProt Code: | P17516 |
| NCBI GenInfo Identifier: | 308153631 |
| NCBI Gene ID: | 1109 |
| NCBI Accession: | P17516.3 |
| UniProt Related Accession: | P17516 |
| Molecular Weight: | |
| NCBI Full Name: | Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C4 |
| NCBI Synonym Full Names: | aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C4 |
| NCBI Official Symbol: | AKR1C4  |
| NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: | C11; CDR; DD4; CHDR; DD-4; HAKRA; 3-alpha-HSD  |
| NCBI Protein Information: | aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C4 |
| UniProt Protein Name: | Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C4 |
| UniProt Synonym Protein Names: | 3-alpha-HSD1; 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I (EC:1.1.1.357); Chlordecone reductase (EC:1.1.1.225); CDR; Dihydrodiol dehydrogenase 4; DD-4; DD4; HAKRA |
| UniProt Gene Name: | AKR1C4  |
| UniProt Entry Name: | AK1C4_HUMAN |
*Note: Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.
Before adding to wells, equilibrate the SABC working solution and TMB substrate for at least 30 min at 37°C. When diluting samples and reagents, they must be mixed completely and evenly. It is recommended to plot a standard curve for each test.
| Step | Protocol |
| 1. | Set standard, test sample and control (zero) wells on the pre-coated plate respectively, and then, record their positions. It is recommended to measure each standard and sample in duplicate. Wash plate 2 times before adding standard, sample and control (zero) wells! |
| 2. | Aliquot 0.1ml standard solutions into the standard wells. |
| 3. | Add 0.1 ml of Sample / Standard dilution buffer into the control (zero) well. |
| 4. | Add 0.1 ml of properly diluted sample ( Human serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.) into test sample wells. |
| 5. | Seal the plate with a cover and incubate at 37 °C for 90 min. |
| 6. | Remove the cover and discard the plate content, clap the plate on the absorbent filter papers or other absorbent material. Do NOT let the wells completely dry at any time. Wash plate X2. |
| 7. | Add 0.1 ml of Biotin- detection antibody working solution into the above wells (standard, test sample & zero wells). Add the solution at the bottom of each well without touching the side wall. |
| 8. | Seal the plate with a cover and incubate at 37°C for 60 min. |
| 9. | Remove the cover, and wash plate 3 times with Wash buffer. Let wash buffer rest in wells for 1 min between each wash. |
| 10. | Add 0.1 ml of SABC working solution into each well, cover the plate and incubate at 37°C for 30 min. |
| 11. | Remove the cover and wash plate 5 times with Wash buffer, and each time let the wash buffer stay in the wells for 1-2 min. |
| 12. | Add 90 µl of TMB substrate into each well, cover the plate and incubate at 37°C in dark within 10-20 min. (Note: This incubation time is for reference use only, the optimal time should be determined by end user.) And the shades of blue can be seen in the first 3-4 wells (with most concentrated standard solutions), the other wells show no obvious color. |
| 13. | Add 50 µl of Stop solution into each well and mix thoroughly. The color changes into yellow immediately. |
| 14. | Read the O.D. absorbance at 450 nm in a microplate reader immediately after adding the stop solution. |
When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.
| Sample Type | Protocol |
| Serum | If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. |
| Plasma | Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit. |
| Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid | Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid. |
| Cell culture supernatant | Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately. |
| Cell lysates | Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C. |
| Tissue homogenates | The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C. |
| Tissue lysates | Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C. |
| Breast Milk | Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles. |
