Human Dysbindin (DTNBP1) ELISA Kit (HUEB1623)

Product Name:	Human Dysbindin (DTNBP1) ELISA Kit
SKU:	HUEB1623
Size:	96T
Target:	Human Dysbindin (DTNBP1)
Synonyms:	Biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 subunit 8, Dysbindin-1, Dystrobrevin-binding protein 1, Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 7 protein, BLOC-1 subunit 8, HPS7 protein, My031, BLOC1S8
Assay Type:	Sandwich
Detection Method:	ELISA
Reactivity:	Human
Detection Range:	78-5000pg/mL
Sensitivity:	34pg/ml

Intra CV:

5.7%

Inter CV:

7.5%

Linearity:

Sample	1:2	1:4	1:8	1:16
Serum(N=5)	102-111%	86-95%	89-98%	108-116%
EDTA Plasma(N=5)	103-115%	108-118%	104-115%	88-98%
Heparin Plasma(N=5)	100-112%	112-121%	103-113%	107-117%

Recovery:

Sample Type	Average(%)	Recovery Range(%)
Serum	98	92-104
Plasma	100	94-106

Function:

Component of the BLOC-1 complex, a complex that is required for normal biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles (LRO), such as platelet dense granules and melanosomes. In concert with the AP-3 complex, the BLOC-1 complex is required to target membrane protein cargos into vesicles assembled at cell bodies for delivery into neurites and nerve terminals. The BLOC-1 complex, in association with SNARE proteins, is also proposed to be involved in neurite extension. Associates with the BLOC-2 complex to facilitate the transport of TYRP1 independent of AP-3 function. Plays a role in synaptic vesicle trafficking and in neurotransmitter release. Plays a role in the regulation of cell surface exposure of DRD2. May play a role in actin cytoskeleton reorganization and neurite outgrowth. May modulate MAPK8 phosphorylation. Appears to promote neuronal transmission and viability through regulating the expression of SNAP25 and SYN1, modulating PI3-kinase-Akt signaling and influencing glutamatergic release. Regulates the expression of SYN1 through binding to its promoter. Modulates prefrontal cortical activity via the dopamine/D2 pathway.

Uniprot:	Q96EV8
Sample Type:	Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids
Specificity:	Natural and recombinant human Dysbindin
Sub Unit:	Interacts (via its coiled coil domain) with KXD1. Interacts with CMYA5, PI4K2 and RNF151 (By similarity). Component of the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 (BLOC-1) composed of at least BLOC1S1, BLOC1S2, BLOC1S3, BLOC1S4, BLOC1S5, BLOC1S6, DTNBP1/BLOC1S7 and SNAPIN/BLOC1S8. Interacts directly in the complex with BLOC1S5, BLOC1S6 and SNAPIN/BLOC1S8. The BLOC-1 complex associates with the AP-3 protein complex and membrane protein cargos. This BLOC-1 complex also associates with the BLOC-2 complex in endosomes. Binds to DTNA and DTNB but may not be a physiological binding partner (PubMed:16980328). Interacts (isoform 1 and isoform 2 only) with the DNA-dependent protein kinase complex DNA-PK; the interaction phosphorylates DTNBP1 in vitro. Interacts directly in this complex with XRCC5 and XRCC6. Interacts with AP3M1, AP3B2 and TRIM32. Interacts with XPO1; the interaction exports DTNBP1 out of the nucleus.
Subcellular Location:	Isoform 3 Cytoplasm Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane Peripheral membrane protein Cytoplasmic side Cytoplasmic vesicle Secretory vesicle Synaptic vesicle membrane Peripheral membrane protein Cytoplasmic side Endosome membrane Peripheral membrane protein Cytoplasmic side Melanosome membrane Peripheral membrane protein Cytoplasmic side Cell junction Synapse Postsynaptic cell membrane Endoplasmic reticulum Exclusivley cytoplasmic. Predominantly found in the postsynaptic density (PSD). Little association with synaptic vesicles. The BLOC-1 complex associates with the BLOC-2 complex in early endosome-associated tubules. Associated with the AP-3 complex at presynaptic terminals.
Storage:	Please see kit components below for exact storage details
Note:	For research use only

UniProt Protein Function:	DTNBP1: The BLOC-1 complex is required for normal biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles, such as platelet dense granules and melanosomes. Plays a role in intracellular vesicle trafficking. Plays a role in synaptic vesicle trafficking and in neurotransmitter release. May be required for normal dopamine homeostasis in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. Plays a role in the regulation of cell surface exposure of DRD2. Contributes to the regulation of dopamine signaling. May play a role in actin cytoskeleton reorganization and neurite outgrowth. May modulate MAPK8 phosphorylation. Part of the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 (BLOC-1). The BLOC-1 complex is composed of BLOC1S1, BLOC1S2, BLOC1S3, DTNBP1, MUTED, PLDN, CNO/cappuccino and SNAPIN. Binds to DTNA and DTNB but may not be a physiological binding partner (PubMed:16980328). Interacts with RNF151 and CMYA5. Identified in a complex with the adapter-related protein complex 3 (AP-3). Interacts with TRIM32, AP3M1 and AP3B2. Identified in a complex with the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 2 (BLOC-2). Interacts with the DNA-dependent protein kinase complex DNA-PK. Detected in brain, in neurons and in neuropil. Detected in dentate gyrus and in pyramidal cells of hippocampus CA2 and CA3. Belongs to the dysbindin family. 2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.
UniProt Protein Details:	Protein type:Vesicle Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 6p22.3 Cellular Component: endoplasmic reticulum membrane; neuron projection; synaptic vesicle membrane; melanosome membrane; postsynaptic density; dendritic spine; cytosol; postsynaptic membrane; growth cone; axon; cytoplasm; endosome membrane; nucleus; sarcoplasm; cell junction; sarcolemma Molecular Function:protein binding Biological Process: platelet dense granule organization and biogenesis; melanosome organization and biogenesis; regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway; actin cytoskeleton reorganization; anterograde synaptic vesicle transport; post-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport; blood coagulation; anterograde axon cargo transport; positive regulation of neurotransmitter secretion; regulation of dopamine secretion; neurite development; neurite morphogenesis Disease: Schizophrenia; Hermansky-pudlak Syndrome 7
NCBI Summary:	This gene encodes a protein that may play a role in organelle biogenesis associated with melanosomes, platelet dense granules, and lysosomes. A similar protein in mouse is a component of a protein complex termed biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 (BLOC-1), and binds to alpha- and beta-dystrobrevins, which are components of the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DPC). Mutations in this gene are associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 7. This gene may also be associated with schizophrenia. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
UniProt Code:	Q96EV8
NCBI GenInfo Identifier:	38604971
NCBI Gene ID:	84062
NCBI Accession:	Q96EV8.1
UniProt Related Accession:	Q96EV8
Molecular Weight:	30kDa; 34kDa; 39kDa
NCBI Full Name:	Dysbindin
NCBI Synonym Full Names:	dystrobrevin binding protein 1
NCBI Official Symbol:	DTNBP1
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols:	SDY; DBND; HPS7; My031; BLOC1S8
NCBI Protein Information:	dysbindin
UniProt Protein Name:	Dysbindin
UniProt Synonym Protein Names:	Biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 subunit 8; BLOC-1 subunit 8; Dysbindin-1; Dystrobrevin-binding protein 1; Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 7 protein; HPS7 protein
Protein Family:	Dysbindin
UniProt Gene Name:	DTNBP1
UniProt Entry Name:	DTBP1_HUMAN

Component	Quantity (96 Assays)	Storage
ELISA Microplate (Dismountable)	8×12 strips	-20°C
Lyophilized Standard	2	-20°C
Sample Diluent	20ml	-20°C
Assay Diluent A	10mL	-20°C
Assay Diluent B	10mL	-20°C
Detection Reagent A	120µL	-20°C
Detection Reagent B	120µL	-20°C
Wash Buffer	30mL	4°C
Substrate	10mL	4°C
Stop Solution	10mL	4°C
Plate Sealer	5	-

Other materials and equipment required:

Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
Incubator
Deionized or distilled water
Absorbent paper
Buffer resevoir

*Note: The below protocol is a sample protocol. Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.

Allow all reagents to reach room temperature (Please do not dissolve the reagents at 37°C directly). All the reagents should be mixed thoroughly by gently swirling before pipetting. Avoid foaming. Keep appropriate numbers of strips for 1 experiment and remove extra strips from microtiter plate. Removed strips should be resealed and stored at -20°C until the kits expiry date. Prepare all reagents, working standards and samples as directed in the previous sections. Please predict the concentration before assaying. If values for these are not within the range of the standard curve, users must determine the optimal sample dilutions for their experiments. We recommend running all samples in duplicate.

Step
1.	Add Sample: Add 100µL of Standard, Blank, or Sample per well. The blank well is added with Sample diluent. Solutions are added to the bottom of micro ELISA plate well, avoid inside wall touching and foaming as possible. Mix it gently. Cover the plate with sealer we provided. Incubate for 120 minutes at 37°C.
2.	Remove the liquid from each well, don't wash. Add 100µL of Detection Reagent A working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing. Incubate for 1 hour at 37°C. Note: if Detection Reagent A appears cloudy warm to room temperature until solution is uniform.
3.	Aspirate each well and wash, repeating the process three times. Wash by filling each well with Wash Buffer (approximately 400µL) (a squirt bottle, multi-channel pipette,manifold dispenser or automated washer are needed). Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential. After the last wash, completely remove remaining Wash Buffer by aspirating or decanting. Invert the plate and pat it against thick clean absorbent paper.
4.	Add 100µL of Detection Reagent B working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Incubate for 60 minutes at 37°C.
5.	Repeat the wash process for five times as conducted in step 3.
6.	Add 90µL of Substrate Solution to each well. Cover with a new Plate sealer and incubate for 10-20 minutes at 37°C. Protect the plate from light. The reaction time can be shortened or extended according to the actual color change, but this should not exceed more than 30 minutes. When apparent gradient appears in standard wells, user should terminatethe reaction.
7.	Add 50µL of Stop Solution to each well. If color change does not appear uniform, gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing.
8.	Determine the optical density (OD value) of each well at once, using a micro-plate reader set to 450 nm. User should open the micro-plate reader in advance, preheat the instrument, and set the testing parameters.
9.	After experiment, store all reagents according to the specified storage temperature respectively until their expiry.

When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.

Sample Type	Protocol
Serum	If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Plasma	Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit.
Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid	Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid.
Cell culture supernatant	Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately.
Cell lysates	Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Tissue homogenates	The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C.
Tissue lysates	Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Breast Milk	Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles.

ELISA

Human DTNBP1 / Dysbindin ELISA Kit