Description
Human ETFDH/Electron transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondrial ELISA Kit
The Human ETFDH (Electron Transfer Flavoprotein - Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase) Mitochondrial ELISA Kit is a specialized assay designed for the precise measurement of ETFDH levels in human samples, including serum, plasma, and cell culture supernatants. This kit offers exceptional sensitivity and specificity, ensuring accurate and consistent results, making it an excellent choice for various research applications.ETFDH is a critical enzyme involved in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, playing a crucial role in energy production within cells.
Dysregulation of ETFDH has been linked to various metabolic disorders, including multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and glutaric aciduria type II. Therefore, the detection and quantification of ETFDH levels are essential for understanding these conditions and exploring potential therapeutic strategies.Overall, the Human ETFDH Mitochondrial ELISA Kit provides researchers with a valuable tool for studying mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic disorders, offering insights into disease mechanisms and potential treatment options.
| Product Name: | Human ETFDH/Electron transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondrial ELISA Kit |
| Product Code: | HUFI00582 |
| Size: | 96 Assays |
| Alias: | ETFDH, Electron transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondrial, ETF-QO, ETF-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, ETF dehydrogenase |
| Detection method: | Sandwich ELISA, Double Antibody |
| Application: | This immunoassay kit allows for the in vitro quantitative determination of Human ETFDH concentrations in serum plasma and other biological fluids. |
| Sensitivity: | 46.875pg/ml |
| Range: | 78.125-5000pg/ml |
| Storage: | 4°C for 6 months |
| Note: | For Research Use Only |
| Recovery: | Matrices listed below were spiked with certain level of Human ETFDH and the recovery rates were calculated by comparing the measured value to the expected amount of Human ETFDH in samples. | ||||||||||||||||
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| Linearity: | The linearity of the kit was assayed by testing samples spiked with appropriate concentration of Human ETFDH and their serial dilutions. The results were demonstrated by the percentage of calculated concentration to the expected. | ||||||||||||||||
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| CV(%): | Intra-Assay: CV<8% Inter-Assay: CV<10% |
| Component | Quantity | Storage |
| ELISA Microplate (Dismountable) | 8×12 strips | 4°C for 6 months |
| Lyophilized Standard | 2 | 4°C/-20°C |
| Sample/Standard Dilution Buffer | 20ml | 4°C |
| Biotin-labeled Antibody(Concentrated) | 120ul | 4°C (Protect from light) |
| Antibody Dilution Buffer | 10ml | 4°C |
| HRP-Streptavidin Conjugate(SABC) | 120ul | 4°C (Protect from light) |
| SABC Dilution Buffer | 10ml | 4°C |
| TMB Substrate | 10ml | 4°C (Protect from light) |
| Stop Solution | 10ml | 4°C |
| Wash Buffer(25X) | 30ml | 4°C |
| Plate Sealer | 5 | - |
Other materials and equipment required:
- Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
- Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
- Incubator
- Deionized or distilled water
- Absorbent paper
- Buffer resevoir
| Uniprot | Q16134 |
| UniProt Protein Function: | ETFDH: Accepts electrons from ETF and reduces ubiquinone. Defects in ETFDH are the cause of glutaric aciduria type 2C (GA2C). GA2C is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder of fatty acid, amino acid, and choline metabolism. It is characterized by multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies resulting in large excretion not only of glutaric acid, but also of lactic, ethylmalonic, butyric, isobutyric, 2-methyl-butyric, and isovaleric acids. Belongs to the ETF-QO/FixC family. |
| UniProt Protein Details: | Protein type:Membrane protein, integral; Mitochondrial; Oxidoreductase; EC 1.5.5.1 Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 4q32-q35 Cellular Component: mitochondrial matrix; mitochondrial membrane; integral to mitochondrial inner membrane Molecular Function:ubiquinone binding; FAD binding; electron carrier activity; metal ion binding; 4 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding; oxidoreductase activity, oxidizing metal ions with flavin as acceptor; oxidoreductase activity; quinone binding; electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase activity Biological Process: cellular metabolic process; response to oxidative stress; fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase Disease: Multiple Acyl-coa Dehydrogenase Deficiency |
| NCBI Summary: | This gene encodes a component of the electron-transfer system in mitochondria and is essential for electron transfer from a number of mitochondrial flavin-containing dehydrogenases to the main respiratory chain. Mutations in this gene are associated with glutaric acidemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| UniProt Code: | Q16134 |
| NCBI GenInfo Identifier: | 292495008 |
| NCBI Gene ID: | 2110 |
| NCBI Accession: | Q16134.2 |
| UniProt Secondary Accession: | Q16134,Q7Z347, B4E3R9, J3KND9, |
| UniProt Related Accession: | Q16134,AAB24227 |
| Molecular Weight: | 68,495 Da |
| NCBI Full Name: | Electron transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondrial |
| NCBI Synonym Full Names: | electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase |
| NCBI Official Symbol: | ETFDH |
| NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: | MADD; ETFQO |
| NCBI Protein Information: | electron transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondrial; ETF-QO; ETF dehydrogenase; ETF-ubiquinone oxidoreductase |
| UniProt Protein Name: | Electron transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondrial |
| UniProt Synonym Protein Names: | Electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase |
| UniProt Gene Name: | ETFDH |
| UniProt Entry Name: | ETFD_HUMAN |
*Note: Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.
Before adding to wells, equilibrate the SABC working solution and TMB substrate for at least 30 min at 37°C. When diluting samples and reagents, they must be mixed completely and evenly. It is recommended to plot a standard curve for each test.
| Step | Protocol |
| 1. | Set standard, test sample and control (zero) wells on the pre-coated plate respectively, and then, record their positions. It is recommended to measure each standard and sample in duplicate. Wash plate 2 times before adding standard, sample and control (zero) wells! |
| 2. | Aliquot 0.1ml standard solutions into the standard wells. |
| 3. | Add 0.1 ml of Sample / Standard dilution buffer into the control (zero) well. |
| 4. | Add 0.1 ml of properly diluted sample ( Human serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.) into test sample wells. |
| 5. | Seal the plate with a cover and incubate at 37 °C for 90 min. |
| 6. | Remove the cover and discard the plate content, clap the plate on the absorbent filter papers or other absorbent material. Do NOT let the wells completely dry at any time. Wash plate X2. |
| 7. | Add 0.1 ml of Biotin- detection antibody working solution into the above wells (standard, test sample & zero wells). Add the solution at the bottom of each well without touching the side wall. |
| 8. | Seal the plate with a cover and incubate at 37°C for 60 min. |
| 9. | Remove the cover, and wash plate 3 times with Wash buffer. Let wash buffer rest in wells for 1 min between each wash. |
| 10. | Add 0.1 ml of SABC working solution into each well, cover the plate and incubate at 37°C for 30 min. |
| 11. | Remove the cover and wash plate 5 times with Wash buffer, and each time let the wash buffer stay in the wells for 1-2 min. |
| 12. | Add 90 µl of TMB substrate into each well, cover the plate and incubate at 37°C in dark within 10-20 min. (Note: This incubation time is for reference use only, the optimal time should be determined by end user.) And the shades of blue can be seen in the first 3-4 wells (with most concentrated standard solutions), the other wells show no obvious color. |
| 13. | Add 50 µl of Stop solution into each well and mix thoroughly. The color changes into yellow immediately. |
| 14. | Read the O.D. absorbance at 450 nm in a microplate reader immediately after adding the stop solution. |
When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.
| Sample Type | Protocol |
| Serum | If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. |
| Plasma | Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit. |
| Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid | Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid. |
| Cell culture supernatant | Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately. |
| Cell lysates | Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C. |
| Tissue homogenates | The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C. |
| Tissue lysates | Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C. |
| Breast Milk | Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles. |
