Description
Human Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 2 epidermal (KRT2) ELISA Kit
The Human Keratin Type II Cytoskeletal 2 (Epidermal) ELISA Kit is a reliable tool for the accurate measurement of KRT2 levels in human serum, plasma, and cell culture supernatants. This kit offers high sensitivity and specificity, ensuring precise and reproducible results for a variety of research applications.Keratin Type II Cytoskeletal 2 (Epidermal) is a key component of the cytoskeleton in epithelial cells, contributing to the structural integrity and function of the skin.
Abnormalities in KRT2 expression have been linked to various skin disorders, making it a valuable biomarker for studying skin diseases and developing potential treatments.With its easy-to-use format and robust performance, the Human Keratin Type II Cytoskeletal 2 (Epidermal) ELISA Kit is an essential tool for researchers investigating the role of KRT2 in skin biology and disease pathology.
| Product Name: | Human Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 2 epidermal (KRT2) ELISA Kit |
| SKU: | HUEB1512 |
| Size: | 96T |
| Target: | Human Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 2 epidermal (KRT2) |
| Synonyms: | Cytokeratin-2e, Epithelial keratin-2e, Keratin-2 epidermis, Keratin-2e, Type-II keratin Kb2, CK-2e, K2e, KRT2A, KRT2E |
| Assay Type: | Sandwich |
| Detection Method: | ELISA |
| Reactivity: | Human |
| Detection Range: | 0.156-10ng/mL |
| Sensitivity: | 0.056ng/mL |
| Intra CV: | 5.2% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Inter CV: | 9.7% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Linearity: |
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| Recovery: |
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| Function: | Probably contributes to terminal cornification. Associated with keratinocyte activation, proliferation and keratinization. |
| Uniprot: | P35908 |
| Sample Type: | Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids |
| Specificity: | Natural and recombinant human Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 2 epidermal |
| Sub Unit: | Heterotetramer of two type I and two type II keratins. Associates with KRT10. |
| Storage: | Please see kit components below for exact storage details |
| Note: | For research use only |
| UniProt Protein Function: | K2: a type II cytoskeletal keratin. The keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into cytokeratins and hair keratins. There are two types of cytoskeletal and microfibrillar keratin: type I (acidic; 40-55 kDa) [K9 to K20] and type II (neutral to basic; 56-70 kDa) [K1 to K8]. Both a basic and an acidic keratin are required for filament assembly. Generally associates with K. |
| UniProt Protein Details: | Protein type:Cytoskeletal Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 12q13.13 Cellular Component: cornified envelope; cytosol; extracellular space; intermediate filament; membrane; nucleus Molecular Function:protein binding; structural constituent of cytoskeleton; structural constituent of epidermis Biological Process: epidermis development; keratinization; keratinocyte activation; keratinocyte migration; keratinocyte proliferation; peptide cross-linking Disease: Ichthyosis, Bullous Type |
| NCBI Summary: | The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin gene family. The type II cytokeratins consist of basic or neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains coexpressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. This type II cytokeratin is expressed largely in the upper spinous layer of epidermal keratinocytes and mutations in this gene have been associated with bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma. The type II cytokeratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q12-q13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UniProt Code: | P35908 |
| NCBI GenInfo Identifier: | 239938650 |
| NCBI Gene ID: | 3849 |
| NCBI Accession: | P35908.2 |
| UniProt Secondary Accession: | P35908,Q4VAQ2, |
| UniProt Related Accession: | P35908 |
| Molecular Weight: | 65kDa |
| NCBI Full Name: | Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 2 epidermal |
| NCBI Synonym Full Names: | keratin 2 |
| NCBI Official Symbol: | KRT2 |
| NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: | K2e; KRTE; CK-2e; KRT2A; KRT2E |
| NCBI Protein Information: | keratin, type II cytoskeletal 2 epidermal |
| UniProt Protein Name: | Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 2 epidermal |
| UniProt Synonym Protein Names: | Cytokeratin-2e; CK-2e; Epithelial keratin-2e; Keratin-2 epidermis; Keratin-2e; K2e; Type-II keratin Kb2 |
| Protein Family: | Keratin |
| UniProt Gene Name: | KRT2 |
| Component | Quantity (96 Assays) | Storage |
| ELISA Microplate (Dismountable) | 8×12 strips | -20°C |
| Lyophilized Standard | 2 | -20°C |
| Sample Diluent | 20ml | -20°C |
| Assay Diluent A | 10mL | -20°C |
| Assay Diluent B | 10mL | -20°C |
| Detection Reagent A | 120µL | -20°C |
| Detection Reagent B | 120µL | -20°C |
| Wash Buffer | 30mL | 4°C |
| Substrate | 10mL | 4°C |
| Stop Solution | 10mL | 4°C |
| Plate Sealer | 5 | - |
Other materials and equipment required:
- Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
- Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
- Incubator
- Deionized or distilled water
- Absorbent paper
- Buffer resevoir
*Note: The below protocol is a sample protocol. Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.
Allow all reagents to reach room temperature (Please do not dissolve the reagents at 37°C directly). All the reagents should be mixed thoroughly by gently swirling before pipetting. Avoid foaming. Keep appropriate numbers of strips for 1 experiment and remove extra strips from microtiter plate. Removed strips should be resealed and stored at -20°C until the kits expiry date. Prepare all reagents, working standards and samples as directed in the previous sections. Please predict the concentration before assaying. If values for these are not within the range of the standard curve, users must determine the optimal sample dilutions for their experiments. We recommend running all samples in duplicate.
| Step | |
| 1. | Add Sample: Add 100µL of Standard, Blank, or Sample per well. The blank well is added with Sample diluent. Solutions are added to the bottom of micro ELISA plate well, avoid inside wall touching and foaming as possible. Mix it gently. Cover the plate with sealer we provided. Incubate for 120 minutes at 37°C. |
| 2. | Remove the liquid from each well, don't wash. Add 100µL of Detection Reagent A working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing. Incubate for 1 hour at 37°C. Note: if Detection Reagent A appears cloudy warm to room temperature until solution is uniform. |
| 3. | Aspirate each well and wash, repeating the process three times. Wash by filling each well with Wash Buffer (approximately 400µL) (a squirt bottle, multi-channel pipette,manifold dispenser or automated washer are needed). Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential. After the last wash, completely remove remaining Wash Buffer by aspirating or decanting. Invert the plate and pat it against thick clean absorbent paper. |
| 4. | Add 100µL of Detection Reagent B working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Incubate for 60 minutes at 37°C. |
| 5. | Repeat the wash process for five times as conducted in step 3. |
| 6. | Add 90µL of Substrate Solution to each well. Cover with a new Plate sealer and incubate for 10-20 minutes at 37°C. Protect the plate from light. The reaction time can be shortened or extended according to the actual color change, but this should not exceed more than 30 minutes. When apparent gradient appears in standard wells, user should terminatethe reaction. |
| 7. | Add 50µL of Stop Solution to each well. If color change does not appear uniform, gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing. |
| 8. | Determine the optical density (OD value) of each well at once, using a micro-plate reader set to 450 nm. User should open the micro-plate reader in advance, preheat the instrument, and set the testing parameters. |
| 9. | After experiment, store all reagents according to the specified storage temperature respectively until their expiry. |
When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.
| Sample Type | Protocol |
| Serum | If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. |
| Plasma | Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit. |
| Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid | Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid. |
| Cell culture supernatant | Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately. |
| Cell lysates | Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C. |
| Tissue homogenates | The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C. |
| Tissue lysates | Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C. |
| Breast Milk | Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles. |
