Human MDA5/IFIH1 ELISA Kit (HUFI01897)

Product Name:	Human MDA5/IFIH1 ELISA Kit
Product Code:	HUFI01897
Size:	96 Assays
Alias:	IFIH1, RNA helicase-DEAD box protein 116, RLR-2, Murabutide down-regulated protein, Melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5, MDA-5, Interferon-induced with helicase C domain protein 1, RNA helicase-DEAD box protein 116, Clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis autoantigen 140 kDa, CADM-140 autoantigen, Helicase with 2 CARD domains, Helicard
Detection method:	Sandwich ELISA, Double Antibody
Application:	This immunoassay kit allows for the in vitro quantitative determination of Human IFIH1 concentrations in serum plasma and other biological fluids.
Sensitivity:	46.875pg/ml
Range:	78.125-5000pg/ml
Storage:	4°C for 6 months
Note:	For Research Use Only

Recovery:

Matrices listed below were spiked with certain level of Human IFIH1 and the recovery rates were calculated by comparing the measured value to the expected amount of Human IFIH1 in samples.

Matrix	Recovery range(%)	Average(%)
serum(n=5)	86-104	94
EDTA plasma(n=5)	89-105	98
UFH plasma(n=5)	87-98	92

Linearity:

The linearity of the kit was assayed by testing samples spiked with appropriate concentration of Human IFIH1 and their serial dilutions. The results were demonstrated by the percentage of calculated concentration to the expected.

Sample	1:2	1:4	1:8
serum(n=5)	94-105%	85-102%	85-103%
EDTA plasma(n=5)	85-96%	92-95%	84-98%
UFH plasma(n=5)	88-97%	86-96%	84-97%

CV(%):

Intra-Assay: CV<8%
Inter-Assay: CV<10%

Component	Quantity	Storage
ELISA Microplate (Dismountable)	8×12 strips	4°C for 6 months
Lyophilized Standard	2	4°C/-20°C
Sample/Standard Dilution Buffer	20ml	4°C
Biotin-labeled Antibody(Concentrated)	120ul	4°C (Protect from light)
Antibody Dilution Buffer	10ml	4°C
HRP-Streptavidin Conjugate(SABC)	120ul	4°C (Protect from light)
SABC Dilution Buffer	10ml	4°C
TMB Substrate	10ml	4°C (Protect from light)
Stop Solution	10ml	4°C
Wash Buffer(25X)	30ml	4°C
Plate Sealer	5	-

Other materials and equipment required:

Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
Incubator
Deionized or distilled water
Absorbent paper
Buffer resevoir

Uniprot

Q9BYX4

UniProt Protein Function:	IFIH1: Innate immune receptor which acts as a cytoplasmic sensor of viral nucleic acids and plays a major role in sensing viral infection and in the activation of a cascade of antiviral responses including the induction of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. Its ligands include mRNA lacking 2'-O- methylation at their 5' cap and long-dsRNA (>1 kb in length). Upon ligand binding it associates with mitochondria antiviral signaling protein (MAVS/IPS1) which activates the IKK-related kinases: TBK1 and IKBKE which phosphorylate interferon regulatory factors: IRF3 and IRF7 which in turn activate transcription of antiviral immunological genes, including interferons (IFNs); IFN-alpha and IFN-beta. Responsible for detecting the Picornaviridae family members such as encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and mengo encephalomyocarditis virus (ENMG). Can also detect other viruses such as dengue virus (DENV), west Nile virus (WNV), and reovirus. Also involved in antiviral signaling in response to viruses containing a dsDNA genome, such as vaccinia virus. Plays an important role in amplifying innate immune signaling through recognition of RNA metabolites that are produced during virus infection by ribonuclease L (RNase L). May play an important role in enhancing natural killer cell function and may be involved in growth inhibition and apoptosis in several tumor cell lines. Monomer in the absence of ligands and homodimerizes in the presence of dsRNA ligands. Can assemble into helical or linear polymeric filaments on long dsRNA. Interacts with MAVS/IPS1. Interacts with V protein of Simian virus 5, Human parainfluenza virus 2, Mumps virus, Sendai virus and Hendra virus. Binding to paramyxoviruses V proteins prevents IFN-beta induction, and the further establishment of an antiviral state. Interacts with PCBP2. Interacts with NLRC5. Interacts with PIAS2-beta. Interacts with DDX60. By interferon (IFN) and TNF. Widely expressed, at a low level. Expression is detected at slightly highest levels in placenta, pancreas and spleen and at barely levels in detectable brain, testis and lung. Belongs to the helicase family. RLR subfamily. 2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.
UniProt Protein Details:	Protein type:EC 3.6.4.13; Helicase; Apoptosis Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 2q24 Cellular Component: cytosol; nucleus Molecular Function:ATP binding; DNA binding; double-stranded RNA binding; helicase activity; protein binding; ribonucleoprotein binding; single-stranded RNA binding; zinc ion binding Biological Process: detection of virus; innate immune response; negative regulation of interferon type I production; positive regulation of interferon-alpha production; positive regulation of interferon-beta production; protein sumoylation; response to virus; viral reproduction Disease: Aicardi-goutieres Syndrome 7; Singleton-merten Syndrome 1
NCBI Summary:	DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a DEAD box protein that is upregulated in response to treatment with beta-interferon and a protein kinase C-activating compound, mezerein. Irreversible reprogramming of melanomas can be achieved by treatment with both these agents; treatment with either agent alone only achieves reversible differentiation. Genetic variation in this gene is associated with diabetes mellitus insulin-dependent type 19. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]
UniProt Code:	Q9BYX4
NCBI GenInfo Identifier:	134047802
NCBI Gene ID:	64135
NCBI Accession:	Q9BYX4.3
UniProt Secondary Accession:	Q9BYX4,Q2NKL6, Q6DC96, Q86X56, Q96MX8, Q9H3G6,
UniProt Related Accession:	Q9BYX4
Molecular Weight:	25,129 Da
NCBI Full Name:	Interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1
NCBI Synonym Full Names:	interferon induced, with helicase C domain 1
NCBI Official Symbol:	IFIH1
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols:	AGS7; Hlcd; MDA5; MDA-5; RLR-2; IDDM19; SGMRT1
NCBI Protein Information:	interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1
UniProt Protein Name:	Interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1
UniProt Synonym Protein Names:	Clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis autoantigen 140 kDa; CADM-140 autoantigen; Helicase with 2 CARD domains; Helicard; Interferon-induced with helicase C domain protein 1; Melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5; MDA-5; Murabutide down-regulated protein; RIG-I-like receptor 2; RLR-2; RNA helicase-DEAD box protein 116
UniProt Gene Name:	IFIH1
UniProt Entry Name:	IFIH1_HUMAN

*Note: Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.

Before adding to wells, equilibrate the SABC working solution and TMB substrate for at least 30 min at 37°C. When diluting samples and reagents, they must be mixed completely and evenly. It is recommended to plot a standard curve for each test.

Step	Protocol
1.	Set standard, test sample and control (zero) wells on the pre-coated plate respectively, and then, record their positions. It is recommended to measure each standard and sample in duplicate. Wash plate 2 times before adding standard, sample and control (zero) wells!
2.	Aliquot 0.1ml standard solutions into the standard wells.
3.	Add 0.1 ml of Sample / Standard dilution buffer into the control (zero) well.
4.	Add 0.1 ml of properly diluted sample ( Human serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.) into test sample wells.
5.	Seal the plate with a cover and incubate at 37 °C for 90 min.
6.	Remove the cover and discard the plate content, clap the plate on the absorbent filter papers or other absorbent material. Do NOT let the wells completely dry at any time. Wash plate X2.
7.	Add 0.1 ml of Biotin- detection antibody working solution into the above wells (standard, test sample & zero wells). Add the solution at the bottom of each well without touching the side wall.
8.	Seal the plate with a cover and incubate at 37°C for 60 min.
9.	Remove the cover, and wash plate 3 times with Wash buffer. Let wash buffer rest in wells for 1 min between each wash.
10.	Add 0.1 ml of SABC working solution into each well, cover the plate and incubate at 37°C for 30 min.
11.	Remove the cover and wash plate 5 times with Wash buffer, and each time let the wash buffer stay in the wells for 1-2 min.
12.	Add 90 µl of TMB substrate into each well, cover the plate and incubate at 37°C in dark within 10-20 min. (Note: This incubation time is for reference use only, the optimal time should be determined by end user.) And the shades of blue can be seen in the first 3-4 wells (with most concentrated standard solutions), the other wells show no obvious color.
13.	Add 50 µl of Stop solution into each well and mix thoroughly. The color changes into yellow immediately.
14.	Read the O.D. absorbance at 450 nm in a microplate reader immediately after adding the stop solution.

When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.

Sample Type	Protocol
Serum	If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Plasma	Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit.
Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid	Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid.
Cell culture supernatant	Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately.
Cell lysates	Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Tissue homogenates	The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C.
Tissue lysates	Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Breast Milk	Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles.