Anti-Phospho-CGAS-S291 Antibody (CABP0945)

Antibody Name:	Anti-Phospho-CGAS-S291 Antibody
Antibody SKU:	CABP0945
Antibody Size:	20uL, 50uL, 100uL
Application:	WB
Reactivity:	Mouse
Host Species:	Rabbit
Immunogen:	A synthetic phosphorylated peptide around S291 of human CGAS.

Application:	WB
Recommended Dilution:	WB 1:500 - 1:2000
Reactivity:	Mouse
Positive Samples:

Immunogen:	A synthetic phosphorylated peptide around S291 of human CGAS.
Purification Method:	Affinity purification
Storage Buffer:	Store at -20°C. Avoid freeze / thaw cycles. Buffer: PBS with 0.02% sodium azide, 50% glycerol, pH7.3.
Isotype:	IgG
Sequence:	Email for sequence
Gene ID:	115004
Uniprot:	Q8N884
Cellular Location:	Cytoplasm, cytosol
Calculated MW:	59kDa
Observed MW:	Refer to figures

Synonyms:

MB21D1, C6orf150, cGAS, h-cGAS, CGAS

Background:

Nucleotidyltransferase that catalyzes the formation of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) from ATP and GTP and plays a key role in innate immunity (PubMed:23258413, PubMed:23707061, PubMed:23722159, PubMed:24077100, PubMed:25131990, PubMed:29976794, PubMed:30799039). Catalysis involves both the formation of a 2', 5' phosphodiester linkage at the GpA step and the formation of a 3', 5' phosphodiester linkage at the ApG step, producing c[G(2', 5')pA(3', 5')p] (PubMed:28363908, PubMed:28214358). Acts as a key cytosolic DNA sensor, the presence of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in the cytoplasm being a danger signal that triggers the immune responses (PubMed:28363908). Binds cytosolic DNA directly, leading to activation and synthesis of cGAMP, a second messenger that binds to and activates TMEM173/STING, thereby triggering type-I interferon production (PubMed:28363908, PubMed:28314590). Preferentially recognizes and binds curved long DNAs (PubMed:30007416). In contrast to other mammals, human CGAS displays species-specific mechanisms of DNA recognition and produces less cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), allowing a more fine-tuned response to pathogens (PubMed:30007416). Has antiviral activity by sensing the presence of dsDNA from DNA viruses in the cytoplasm (PubMed:28363908). Also acts as an innate immune sensor of infection by retroviruses, such as HIV-1, by detecting the presence of reverse-transcribed DNA in the cytosol (PubMed:23929945). Detection of retroviral reverse-transcribed DNA in the cytosol may be indirect and be mediated via interaction with PQBP1, which directly binds reverse-transcribed retroviral DNA (PubMed:26046437). Also detects the presence of DNA from bacteria, such as M.tuberculosis (PubMed:26048138). cGAMP can be transferred from producing cells to neighboring cells through gap junctions, leading to promote TMEM173/STING activation and convey immune response to connecting cells (PubMed:24077100). cGAMP can also be transferred between cells by virtue of packaging within viral particles contributing to IFN-induction in newly infected cells in a cGAS-independent but TMEM173/STING-dependent manner (PubMed:26229115). In addition to antiviral activity, also involved in the response to cellular stresses, such as senescence, DNA damage or genome instability (PubMed:28738408, PubMed:28759889). Acts as a regulator of cellular senescence by binding to cytosolic chromatin fragments that are present in senescent cells, leading to trigger type-I interferon production via TMEM173/STING and promote cellular senescence (By similarity). Also involved in the inflammatory response to genome instability and double-stranded DNA breaks: acts by localizing to micronuclei arising from genome instability (PubMed:28738408, PubMed:28759889). Micronuclei, which as frequently found in cancer cells, consist of chromatin surrounded by its own nuclear membrane: following breakdown of the micronuclear envelope, a process associated with chromothripsis, CGAS binds self-DNA exposed to the cytosol, leading to cGAMP synthesis and subsequent activation of TMEM173/STING and type-I interferon production (PubMed:28738408, PubMed:28759889). Acts as a suppressor of DNA repair in response to DNA damage: translocates to the nucleus following dephosphorylation at Tyr-215 and inhibits homologous recombination repair by interacting with PARP1, the CGAS-PARP1 interaction leading to impede the formation of the PARP1-TIMELESS complex (PubMed:30356214).

UniProt Protein Function:	MB21D1: Nucleotidyltransferase that catalyzes the formation of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) from ATP and GTP. Catalysis involves both the formation of a 2',5' phosphodiester linkage at the GpA step and the formation of a 3',5' phosphodiester linkage at the ApG step, producing c[G(2',5')pA(3',5')p]. Has antiviral activity by acting as a key cytosolic DNA sensor, the presence of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in the cytoplasm being a danger signal that triggers the immune responses. Binds cytosolic DNA directly, leading to activation and synthesis of cGAMP, a second messenger that binds to and activates TMEM173/STING, thereby triggering type-I interferon production.
UniProt Protein Details:	Protein type:EC 2.7.7.86; Enzyme, cellular metabolism Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 6q13 Cellular Component: cytosol Molecular Function:DNA binding; GTP binding; metal ion binding; ATP binding Biological Process: cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process; positive regulation of interferon type I production; innate immune response; positive regulation of defense response to virus by host; defense response to virus; activation of innate immune response
UniProt Code:	Q8N884
NCBI GenInfo Identifier:	115511030
NCBI Gene ID:	115004
NCBI Accession:	NP_612450.2
UniProt Secondary Accession:	Q8N884,Q14CV6, Q32NC9, Q5SWL0, Q5SWL1, Q96E45, L0L2J9
UniProt Related Accession:	Q8N884
Molecular Weight:	58.3 kDa
NCBI Full Name:	cyclic GMP-AMP synthase
NCBI Synonym Full Names:	Mab-21 domain containing 1
NCBI Official Symbol:	MB21D1
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols:	cGAS; h-cGAS; C6orf150
NCBI Protein Information:	cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; cGAMP synthase; protein MB21D1; mab-21 domain-containing protein 1
UniProt Protein Name:	Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase
UniProt Synonym Protein Names:	Mab-21 domain-containing protein 1
UniProt Gene Name:	MB21D1
UniProt Entry Name:	CGAS_HUMAN

Antibodies

Anti-C6orf150 Antibody (CAB14228)

Anti-cGAS Antibody (CAB8335)

Anti-Phospho-CGAS-Y215 Antibody (CABP0942)

Anti-Phospho-CGAS-Y215 Antibody (CABP0946)