The Porcine Tyrosine Protein Kinase SYK (SYK) ELISA Kit is a reliable and accurate tool for the detection of SYK levels in porcine samples such as serum, plasma, and cell culture supernatants. This kit offers high sensitivity and specificity, ensuring precise and consistent results for a variety of research applications.SYK is a key protein kinase that plays a crucial role in immune response regulation, cell signaling, and cell differentiation. Dysregulation of SYK activity has been linked to various diseases including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and inflammatory conditions, making it a valuable target for research and potential therapeutic interventions.
By using the Porcine Tyrosine Protein Kinase SYK (SYK) ELISA Kit, researchers can accurately measure SYK levels in porcine samples, providing valuable insights into the role of SYK in disease pathogenesis and potential treatment strategies. This kit is a valuable tool for studying the complex mechanisms of SYK signaling and its impact on various physiological and pathological processes.
Non-receptor tyrosine kinase which mediates signal transduction downstream of a variety of transmembrane receptors including classical immunoreceptors like the B-cell receptor (BCR). Regulates several biological processes including innate and adaptive immunity, cell adhesion, osteoclast maturation, platelet activation and vascular development. Assembles into signaling complexes with activated receptors at the plasma membrane via interaction between its SH2 domains and the receptor tyrosine-phosphorylated ITAM domains. The association with the receptor can also be indirect and mediated by adapter proteins containing ITAM or partial hemITAM domains. The phosphorylation of the ITAM domains is generally mediated by SRC subfamily kinases upon engagement of the receptor. More rarely signal transduction via SYK could be ITAM-independent. Direct downstream effectors phosphorylated by SYK include VAV1, PLCG1, PI-3-kinase, LCP2 and BLNK. Initially identified as essential in B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling, it is necessary for the maturation of B-cells most probably at the pro-B to pre-B transition. Activated upon BCR engagement, it phosphorylates and activates BLNK an adapter linking the activated BCR to downstream signaling adapters and effectors. It also phosphorylates and activates PLCG1 and the PKC signaling pathway. It also phosphorylates BTK and regulates its activity in B-cell antigen receptor (BCR)-coupled signaling. In addition to its function downstream of BCR plays also a role in T-cell receptor signaling. Plays also a crucial role in the innate immune response to fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens. It is for instance activated by the membrane lectin CLEC7A. Upon stimulation by fungal proteins, CLEC7A together with SYK activates immune cells inducing the production of ROS. Also activates the inflammasome and NF-kappa-B-mediated transcription of chemokines and cytokines in presence of pathogens. Regulates neutrophil degranulation and phagocytosis through activation of the MAPK signaling cascade. Also mediates the activation of dendritic cells by cell necrosis stimuli. Also involved in mast cells activation. Also functions downstream of receptors mediating cell adhesion. Relays for instance, integrin-mediated neutrophils and macrophages activation and P-selectin receptor/SELPG-mediated recruitment of leukocytes to inflammatory loci. Plays also a role in non-immune processes. It is for instance involved in vascular development where it may regulate blood and lymphatic vascular separation. It is also required for osteoclast development and function. Functions in the activation of platelets by collagen, mediating PLCG2 phosphorylation and activation. May be coupled to the collagen receptor by the ITAM domain-containing FCER1G. Also activated by the membrane lectin CLEC1B that is required for activation of platelets by PDPN/podoplanin. Involved in platelet adhesion being activated by ITGB3 engaged by fibrinogen. Together with CEACAM20, enhances production of the cytokine CXCL8/IL-8 via the NFKB pathway and may thus have a role in the intestinal immune response.
Uniprot:
Q00655
Sample Type:
Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids
Specificity:
Natural and recombinant pig Tyrosine-protein kinase SYK
Sub Unit:
Interacts with LYN; phosphorylates SYK. Interacts with RHOH (phosphorylated); regulates mast cells activation (By similarity). Interacts with NFAM1 (phosphorylated); probably involved in BCR signaling (By similarity). Interacts with VAV1 (via SH2 domain); phosphorylates VAV1 upon BCR activation. Interacts with GAB2 (phosphorylated); probably involved in IgE Fc receptor signaling (By similarity). Interacts (via its SH2 domains) with CD79A (via its phosphorylated ITAM domain); the interaction stimulates SYK autophosphorylation and activation (By similarity). Interacts with FCRL3 (By similarity). Interacts (via SH2 domains) with FCER1G (via ITAM domain); activates SYK and mediates neutrophils and macrophages integrin-mediated activation (By similarity). Interacts with ITGB2 and FGR; involved in ITGB2 downstream signaling (By similarity). Interacts with ITGB3; upon activation by ITGB3 promotes platelet adhesion (By similarity). Interacts (via SH2 domains) with TYROBP (via ITAM domain); involved in neutrophils and macrophages integrin-mediated activation (By similarity). Interacts with MSN and SELPLG; mediates the selectin-dependent activation of SYK by SELPLG (By similarity). Interacts with BLNK (via SH2 domain) (By similarity). Interacts (via the second SH2 domain) with USP25 (via C-terminus); phosphorylates USP25 and regulates USP25 intracellular levels (By similarity). Interacts (via SH2 domains) with CLEC1B (dimer) (By similarity). Interacts with CLEC7A; participates in leukocyte activation in presence of fungal pathogens (By similarity). Interacts (phosphorylated) with SLA; may regulate SYK through CBL recruitment (By similarity). Interacts with YWHAG; attenuates BCR-induced membrane translocation and activation of SYK (By similarity). Interacts (via SH2 domains) with GCSAM; the interaction increases after B-cell receptor stimulation, resulting in enhanced SYK autophosphorylation and activity (By similarity).Interacts with TNS2; leading to the phosphorylation of SYK (By similarity). Interacts with FLNA (via filamin repeat 5); docks SYK to the plasma membrane (By similarity). Interacts CEACAM1; lipopolysaccharide activated neutrophils induce phosphorylation of SYK resulting in the formation of a complex including TLR4 and the phosphorylated form of SYK and CEACAM1, which in turn, recruits PTPN6 that dephosphorylates SYK, reducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lysosome disruption, which in turn, reduces the activity of the inflammasome (By similarity). Interacts (via SH2 domains) with CEACAM20 (phosphorylated form); the interaction further enhances CEACAM20 phosphorylation.
Research Area:
Immunology
Subcellular Location:
40 kDa tyrosine-protein kinase SYK Cell membrane Cytoplasm Cytosol Equally distributed between membranes and cytosol.
Storage:
Please see kit components below for exact storage details
Note:
For research use only
UniProt Protein Function:
Syk: a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase of the SYK family containing two SH2 domains. Plays a central role in the B cell receptor (BCR) response. An upstream activator of the PI3K, PLCgamma2, and Rac/cdc42 pathways in the BCR response. Required for the sequential events of Fc gamma IIa receptor-mediated phagocytosis. Expression highest in murine spleen, heart, mammary gland and thymus. Two splice variant isoforms have been described.Protein type: Kinase, protein; Protein kinase, tyrosine (non-receptor); EC 2.7.10.2; Protein kinase, TK; TK group; Syk familyChromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 9q22Cellular Component: B cell receptor complex; cytoplasm; cytosol; extrinsic to internal side of plasma membrane; nucleus; plasma membrane; protein complex; T cell receptor complexMolecular Function: ATP binding; integrin binding; non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity; protein binding; protein kinase activity; protein kinase binding; protein serine/threonine kinase activity; protein-tyrosine kinase activity; receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase activityBiological Process: activation of JNK activity; adaptive immune response; angiogenesis; B cell receptor signaling pathway; beta selection; blood vessel morphogenesis; cell proliferation; defense response to bacterium; inflammatory response; innate immune response; integrin-mediated signaling pathway; leukocyte activation during immune response; leukocyte adhesion; leukotriene biosynthetic process; lymph vessel development; macrophage activation during immune response; neutrophil activation during immune response; neutrophil chemotaxis; organ morphogenesis; peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; platelet activation; positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation; positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation; positive regulation of B cell differentiation; positive regulation of bone resorption; positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling; positive regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin; positive regulation of cytokine secretion; positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation; positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process; positive regulation of interferon type I production; positive regulation of interleukin-3 biosynthetic process; positive regulation of mast cell degranulation; positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; positive regulation of receptor internalization; protein amino acid phosphorylation; receptor internalization; regulation of neutrophil degranulation; regulation of phagocytosis; regulation of superoxide release; regulation of transcription factor activity; serotonin secretion by platelet; stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway; transcription factor import into nucleus; transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway; viral reproduction
UniProt Protein Details:
NCBI Summary:
This gene encodes a member of the family of non-receptor type Tyr protein kinases. This protein is widely expressed in hematopoietic cells and is involved in coupling activated immunoreceptors to downstream signaling events that mediate diverse cellular responses, including proliferation, differentiation, and phagocytosis. It is thought to be a modulator of epithelial cell growth and a potential tumour suppressor in human breast carcinomas. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]
Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
Incubator
Deionized or distilled water
Absorbent paper
Buffer resevoir
*Note: The below protocol is a sample protocol. Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.
Allow all reagents to reach room temperature (Please do not dissolve the reagents at 37°C directly). All the reagents should be mixed thoroughly by gently swirling before pipetting. Avoid foaming. Keep appropriate numbers of strips for 1 experiment and remove extra strips from microtiter plate. Removed strips should be resealed and stored at -20°C until the kits expiry date. Prepare all reagents, working standards and samples as directed in the previous sections. Please predict the concentration before assaying. If values for these are not within the range of the standard curve, users must determine the optimal sample dilutions for their experiments. We recommend running all samples in duplicate.
Step
1.
Add Sample: Add 100µL of Standard, Blank, or Sample per well. The blank well is added with Sample diluent. Solutions are added to the bottom of micro ELISA plate well, avoid inside wall touching and foaming as possible. Mix it gently. Cover the plate with sealer we provided. Incubate for 120 minutes at 37°C.
2.
Remove the liquid from each well, don't wash. Add 100µL of Detection Reagent A working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing. Incubate for 1 hour at 37°C. Note: if Detection Reagent A appears cloudy warm to room temperature until solution is uniform.
3.
Aspirate each well and wash, repeating the process three times. Wash by filling each well with Wash Buffer (approximately 400µL) (a squirt bottle, multi-channel pipette,manifold dispenser or automated washer are needed). Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential. After the last wash, completely remove remaining Wash Buffer by aspirating or decanting. Invert the plate and pat it against thick clean absorbent paper.
4.
Add 100µL of Detection Reagent B working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Incubate for 60 minutes at 37°C.
5.
Repeat the wash process for five times as conducted in step 3.
6.
Add 90µL of Substrate Solution to each well. Cover with a new Plate sealer and incubate for 10-20 minutes at 37°C. Protect the plate from light. The reaction time can be shortened or extended according to the actual color change, but this should not exceed more than 30 minutes. When apparent gradient appears in standard wells, user should terminatethe reaction.
7.
Add 50µL of Stop Solution to each well. If color change does not appear uniform, gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing.
8.
Determine the optical density (OD value) of each well at once, using a micro-plate reader set to 450 nm. User should open the micro-plate reader in advance, preheat the instrument, and set the testing parameters.
9.
After experiment, store all reagents according to the specified storage temperature respectively until their expiry.
When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.
Sample Type
Protocol
Serum
If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Plasma
Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit.
Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid
Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid.
Cell culture supernatant
Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately.
Cell lysates
Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Tissue homogenates
The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C.
Tissue lysates
Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Breast Milk
Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles.
