Rat Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor homolog (Cxadr) ELISA Kit
The Rat Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor Homolog (CXADR) ELISA Kit is a reliable and accurate tool for detecting levels of CXADR in rat serum, plasma, and cell culture supernatants. This kit offers high sensitivity and specificity, ensuring precise and reproducible results for a variety of research applications.CXADR is an important protein involved in viral infection and immune response, playing a crucial role in the entry of coxsackievirus and adenovirus into host cells. Understanding the expression levels of CXADR can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of viral pathogenesis and potential therapeutic strategies.
By accurately measuring CXADR levels, researchers can gain a better understanding of host-virus interactions and develop targeted approaches for preventing and treating viral infections. The Rat CXADR ELISA Kit is a valuable tool for studying the role of CXADR in viral pathogenesis and advancing our knowledge of infectious diseases.
Product Name:
Rat Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor homolog (Cxadr) ELISA Kit
SKU:
RTEB0929
Size:
96T
Target:
Rat Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor homolog (Cxadr)
Synonyms:
CAR, Car
Assay Type:
Sandwich
Detection Method:
ELISA
Reactivity:
Rat
Detection Range:
31.2-2000pg/mL
Sensitivity:
12pg/mL
Intra CV:
3.9%
Inter CV:
6.5%
Linearity:
Sample
1:2
1:4
1:8
1:16
Serum(N=5)
94-104%
104-114%
86-95%
82-92%
EDTA Plasma(N=5)
82-95%
93-103%
105-118%
92-103%
Heparin Plasma(N=5)
94-104%
109-119%
90-100%
102-114%
Recovery:
Sample Type
Average(%)
Recovery Range(%)
Serum
84
80-90
Plasma
86
80-92
Function:
Component of the epithelial apical junction complex that may function as a homophilic cell adhesion molecule and is essential for tight junction integrity. Also involved in transepithelial migration of leukocytes through adhesive interactions with JAML a transmembrane protein of the plasma membrane of leukocytes. The interaction between both receptors also mediates the activation of gamma-delta T-cells, a subpopulation of T-cells residing in epithelia and involved in tissue homeostasis and repair. Upon epithelial CXADR-binding, JAML induces downstream cell signaling events in gamma-delta T-cells through PI3-kinase and MAP kinases. It results in proliferation and production of cytokines and growth factors by T-cells that in turn stimulate epithelial tissues repair.
Uniprot:
Q9R066
Sample Type:
Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids
Specificity:
Natural and recombinant rat Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor homolog
Sub Unit:
Monomer. May form homodimer. Interacts with LNX, BAIAP1, DLG4, PRKCABP, TJP1 and CTNNB1. Interacts with MPDZ; recruits MPDZ to intercellular contact sites. Interacts with JAML (homodimeric form).
Subcellular Location:
Cell membrane Single-pass type I membrane protein Basolateral cell membrane Single-pass type I membrane protein Cell junction Tight junction Cell junction Adherens junction In epithelial cells localizes to the apical junction complex composed of tight and adherens junctions. In airway epithelial cells localized to basolateral membrane but not to apical surface.
Storage:
Please see kit components below for exact storage details
Note:
For research use only
UniProt Protein Function:
CXADR: a component of the epithelial apical junction complex that is essential for the tight junction integrity. Proposed to function as a homophilic cell adhesion molecule. Recruits MPDZ to intercellular contact sites. Probably involved in transepithelial migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) through adhesive interactions with AMICA1 located in the plasma membrane of PMN.Protein type: Receptor, misc.; Membrane protein, integral; Cell adhesionCellular Component: extracellular space; neuron projection; protein complex; tight junction; basolateral plasma membrane; apicolateral plasma membrane; integral to membrane; acrosome; intercellular junction; lipid raft; nucleoplasm; adherens junction; growth cone; cytoplasm; plasma membrane; cell junction; neuromuscular junction; nucleus; filopodiumMolecular Function: integrin binding; viral receptor activity; identical protein binding; beta-catenin binding; cell adhesion molecule binding; receptor binding; PDZ domain bindingBiological Process: neutrophil chemotaxis; intercellular junction assembly and maintenance; mitochondrion organization and biogenesis; entry of virus into host cell; heart development; gamma-delta T cell activation; heterophilic cell adhesion; cell-cell adhesion; cardiac muscle fiber development; negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation; germ cell migration; homotypic cell-cell adhesion; actin cytoskeleton reorganization; defense response to virus
UniProt Protein Details:
NCBI Summary:
cell surface receptor for adenovirus and coxsackie virus; may be a barrier for macromolecule and ion movement across membranes in polarized epithelial cells [RGD, Feb 2006]
Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
Incubator
Deionized or distilled water
Absorbent paper
Buffer resevoir
*Note: The below protocol is a sample protocol. Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.
Allow all reagents to reach room temperature (Please do not dissolve the reagents at 37°C directly). All the reagents should be mixed thoroughly by gently swirling before pipetting. Avoid foaming. Keep appropriate numbers of strips for 1 experiment and remove extra strips from microtiter plate. Removed strips should be resealed and stored at -20°C until the kits expiry date. Prepare all reagents, working standards and samples as directed in the previous sections. Please predict the concentration before assaying. If values for these are not within the range of the standard curve, users must determine the optimal sample dilutions for their experiments. We recommend running all samples in duplicate.
Step
1.
Add Sample: Add 100µL of Standard, Blank, or Sample per well. The blank well is added with Sample diluent. Solutions are added to the bottom of micro ELISA plate well, avoid inside wall touching and foaming as possible. Mix it gently. Cover the plate with sealer we provided. Incubate for 120 minutes at 37°C.
2.
Remove the liquid from each well, don't wash. Add 100µL of Detection Reagent A working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing. Incubate for 1 hour at 37°C. Note: if Detection Reagent A appears cloudy warm to room temperature until solution is uniform.
3.
Aspirate each well and wash, repeating the process three times. Wash by filling each well with Wash Buffer (approximately 400µL) (a squirt bottle, multi-channel pipette,manifold dispenser or automated washer are needed). Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential. After the last wash, completely remove remaining Wash Buffer by aspirating or decanting. Invert the plate and pat it against thick clean absorbent paper.
4.
Add 100µL of Detection Reagent B working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Incubate for 60 minutes at 37°C.
5.
Repeat the wash process for five times as conducted in step 3.
6.
Add 90µL of Substrate Solution to each well. Cover with a new Plate sealer and incubate for 10-20 minutes at 37°C. Protect the plate from light. The reaction time can be shortened or extended according to the actual color change, but this should not exceed more than 30 minutes. When apparent gradient appears in standard wells, user should terminatethe reaction.
7.
Add 50µL of Stop Solution to each well. If color change does not appear uniform, gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing.
8.
Determine the optical density (OD value) of each well at once, using a micro-plate reader set to 450 nm. User should open the micro-plate reader in advance, preheat the instrument, and set the testing parameters.
9.
After experiment, store all reagents according to the specified storage temperature respectively until their expiry.
When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.
Sample Type
Protocol
Serum
If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Plasma
Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit.
Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid
Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid.
Cell culture supernatant
Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately.
Cell lysates
Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Tissue homogenates
The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C.
Tissue lysates
Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Breast Milk
Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles.
