Description
Rat Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1 (Enpp1) ELISA Kit
The Rat ENPP1 (Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase Family Member 1) ELISA Kit is specifically designed for the quantitative measurement of ENPP1 levels in rat samples, including serum, plasma, and cell culture supernatants. This kit offers high sensitivity and specificity, ensuring accurate and reproducible results for various research applications.ENPP1 is an important enzyme involved in the regulation of phosphate metabolism and vascular calcification.
Dysregulation of ENPP1 has been implicated in various diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. The Rat ENPP1 ELISA Kit serves as a valuable tool for studying the role of ENPP1 in these diseases and identifying potential therapeutic targets.
| Product Name: | Rat Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1 (Enpp1) ELISA Kit |
| SKU: | RTEB0579 |
| Size: | 96T |
| Target: | Rat Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1 (Enpp1) |
| Synonyms: | Phosphodiesterase I/nucleotide pyrophosphatase 1, Plasma-cell membrane glycoprotein PC-1, E-NPP 1, Npps, Pc1, Pdnp1 |
| Assay Type: | Sandwich |
| Detection Method: | ELISA |
| Reactivity: | Rat |
| Detection Range: | 31.2-2000pg/mL |
| Sensitivity: | 15.67pg/mL |
| Intra CV: | 5.2% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Inter CV: | 8.4% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Linearity: |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
| Recovery: |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
| Function: | By generating PPi, plays a role in regulating pyrophosphate levels, and functions in bone mineralization and soft tissue calcification. PPi inhibits mineralization by binding to nascent hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals, thereby preventing further growth of these crystals. Preferentially hydrolyzes ATP, but can also hydrolyze other nucleoside 5' triphosphates such as GTP, CTP, TTP and UTP to their corresponding monophosphates with release of pyrophosphate and diadenosine polyphosphates, and also 3',5'-cAMP to AMP. May also be involved in the regulation of the availability of nucleotide sugars in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, and the regulation of purinergic signaling. Appears to modulate insulin sensitivity. |
| Uniprot: | Q924C3 |
| Sample Type: | Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids |
| Specificity: | Natural and recombinant rat Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1 |
| Sub Unit: | Homodimer. The secreted form is monomeric. Interacts with INSR. |
| Research Area: | Metabolism |
| Subcellular Location: | Cell membrane Single-pass type II membrane protein Basolateral cell membrane Single-pass type II membrane protein Secreted Targeted to the basolateral membrane in polarized epithelial cells and in hepatocytes, and to matrix vesicles in osteoblasts. In bile duct cells and cancer cells, located to the apical cytoplasmic side. The proteolytically processed form is secreted. |
| Storage: | Please see kit components below for exact storage details |
| Note: | For research use only |
| UniProt Protein Function: | ENPP1: Involved primarily in ATP hydrolysis at the plasma membrane. Plays a role in regulating pyrophosphate levels, and functions in bone mineralization and soft tissue calcification. In vitro, has a broad specificity, hydrolyzing other nucleoside 5' triphosphates such as GTP, CTP, TTP and UTP to their corresponding monophosphates with release of pyrophosphate and diadenosine polyphosphates, and also 3',5'-cAMP to AMP. May also be involved in the regulation of the availability of nucleotide sugars in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, and the regulation of purinergic signaling. Appears to modulate insulin sensitivity. Homodimer; disulfide-linked. Interacts with INSR. Expressed in plasma cells and also in a number of non-lymphoid tissues, including the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney, chondrocytes and epididymis. At low concentrations of ATP, a phosphorylated intermediate is formed which inhibits further hydrolysis. Belongs to the nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family. |
| UniProt Protein Details: | Protein type:Membrane protein, integral; Cofactor and Vitamin Metabolism - nicotinate and nicotinamide; Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Nucleotide Metabolism - purine; Cofactor and Vitamin Metabolism - pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis; Phosphatase (non-protein); Carbohydrate Metabolism - starch and sucrose; Phosphodiesterase; EC 3.6.1.9; EC 3.1.4.1; Cofactor and Vitamin Metabolism - riboflavin Cellular Component: extracellular space; cell surface; integral to plasma membrane; basolateral plasma membrane; lysosomal membrane; extracellular region; integral to membrane; plasma membrane Molecular Function:phosphodiesterase I activity; nucleotide diphosphatase activity; protein homodimerization activity; nucleic acid binding; zinc ion binding; metal ion binding; calcium ion binding; nucleoside-triphosphate diphosphatase activity; scavenger receptor activity; ATP binding; insulin receptor binding; polysaccharide binding Biological Process: receptor-mediated endocytosis; sequestering of triacylglycerol; generation of precursor metabolites and energy; nucleoside triphosphate catabolic process; negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway; negative regulation of fat cell differentiation; bone remodeling; phosphate metabolic process; 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate metabolic process; negative regulation of glucose import; cellular phosphate ion homeostasis; cellular response to insulin stimulus; biomineral formation; negative regulation of ossification; immune response; negative regulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation; negative regulation of cell growth; inorganic diphosphate transport; negative regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process |
| NCBI Summary: | mutation of the human homolog is detected in patients with idiopathic infantile arterial calcification [RGD, Feb 2006] |
| UniProt Code: | Q924C3 |
| NCBI GenInfo Identifier: | 16758300 |
| NCBI Gene ID: | 85496 |
| NCBI Accession: | NP_445987.1 |
| UniProt Secondary Accession: | Q924C3,Q91XQ3, Q920C8, |
| UniProt Related Accession: | Q924C3 |
| Molecular Weight: | 102,843 Da |
| NCBI Full Name: | ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1 |
| NCBI Synonym Full Names: | ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 |
| NCBI Official Symbol: | Enpp1 |
| NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: | Pc1; Npps |
| NCBI Protein Information: | ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1 |
| UniProt Protein Name: | Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1 |
| UniProt Synonym Protein Names: | Phosphodiesterase I/nucleotide pyrophosphatase 1; Plasma-cell membrane glycoprotein PC-1Including the following 2 domains:Alkaline phosphodiesterase I (EC:3.1.4.1)Nucleotide pyrophosphatase (EC:3.6.1.9); NPPase |
| Protein Family: | Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family |
| UniProt Gene Name: | Enpp1 |
| UniProt Entry Name: | ENPP1_RAT |
| Component | Quantity (96 Assays) | Storage |
| ELISA Microplate (Dismountable) | 8×12 strips | -20°C |
| Lyophilized Standard | 2 | -20°C |
| Sample Diluent | 20ml | -20°C |
| Assay Diluent A | 10mL | -20°C |
| Assay Diluent B | 10mL | -20°C |
| Detection Reagent A | 120µL | -20°C |
| Detection Reagent B | 120µL | -20°C |
| Wash Buffer | 30mL | 4°C |
| Substrate | 10mL | 4°C |
| Stop Solution | 10mL | 4°C |
| Plate Sealer | 5 | - |
Other materials and equipment required:
- Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
- Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
- Incubator
- Deionized or distilled water
- Absorbent paper
- Buffer resevoir
*Note: The below protocol is a sample protocol. Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.
Allow all reagents to reach room temperature (Please do not dissolve the reagents at 37°C directly). All the reagents should be mixed thoroughly by gently swirling before pipetting. Avoid foaming. Keep appropriate numbers of strips for 1 experiment and remove extra strips from microtiter plate. Removed strips should be resealed and stored at -20°C until the kits expiry date. Prepare all reagents, working standards and samples as directed in the previous sections. Please predict the concentration before assaying. If values for these are not within the range of the standard curve, users must determine the optimal sample dilutions for their experiments. We recommend running all samples in duplicate.
| Step | |
| 1. | Add Sample: Add 100µL of Standard, Blank, or Sample per well. The blank well is added with Sample diluent. Solutions are added to the bottom of micro ELISA plate well, avoid inside wall touching and foaming as possible. Mix it gently. Cover the plate with sealer we provided. Incubate for 120 minutes at 37°C. |
| 2. | Remove the liquid from each well, don't wash. Add 100µL of Detection Reagent A working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing. Incubate for 1 hour at 37°C. Note: if Detection Reagent A appears cloudy warm to room temperature until solution is uniform. |
| 3. | Aspirate each well and wash, repeating the process three times. Wash by filling each well with Wash Buffer (approximately 400µL) (a squirt bottle, multi-channel pipette,manifold dispenser or automated washer are needed). Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential. After the last wash, completely remove remaining Wash Buffer by aspirating or decanting. Invert the plate and pat it against thick clean absorbent paper. |
| 4. | Add 100µL of Detection Reagent B working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Incubate for 60 minutes at 37°C. |
| 5. | Repeat the wash process for five times as conducted in step 3. |
| 6. | Add 90µL of Substrate Solution to each well. Cover with a new Plate sealer and incubate for 10-20 minutes at 37°C. Protect the plate from light. The reaction time can be shortened or extended according to the actual color change, but this should not exceed more than 30 minutes. When apparent gradient appears in standard wells, user should terminatethe reaction. |
| 7. | Add 50µL of Stop Solution to each well. If color change does not appear uniform, gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing. |
| 8. | Determine the optical density (OD value) of each well at once, using a micro-plate reader set to 450 nm. User should open the micro-plate reader in advance, preheat the instrument, and set the testing parameters. |
| 9. | After experiment, store all reagents according to the specified storage temperature respectively until their expiry. |
When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.
| Sample Type | Protocol |
| Serum | If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. |
| Plasma | Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit. |
| Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid | Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid. |
| Cell culture supernatant | Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately. |
| Cell lysates | Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C. |
| Tissue homogenates | The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C. |
| Tissue lysates | Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C. |
| Breast Milk | Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles. |
