Description
Human Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1 (GGT1) ELISA Kit
The Human Gamma-Glutamyltransferase 1 (GGT1) ELISA Kit is specifically designed for precise and accurate detection of GGT1 levels in human serum, plasma, and cell culture supernatants. This kit offers exceptional sensitivity and specificity, ensuring dependable and reproducible results that are perfect for various research applications.GGT1 is an essential enzyme involved in the metabolism of glutathione and other molecules, playing a critical role in antioxidant defense and detoxification processes.
Abnormal GGT1 levels have been associated with liver diseases, including hepatitis and liver cancer, as well as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. As a vital biomarker in these conditions, studying GGT1 can provide valuable insights into disease development and potential treatment options.Overall, the Human GGT1 ELISA Kit offers researchers a reliable tool for studying the role of GGT1 in various diseases and conditions, aiding in the development of new strategies for diagnosis and intervention.
| Product Name: | Human Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1 (GGT1) ELISA Kit |
| SKU: | HUEB1451 |
| Size: | 96T |
| Target: | Human Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1 (GGT1) |
| Synonyms: | Gamma-glutamyltransferase 1, Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1, Leukotriene-C4 hydrolase, GGT 1, CD224, GGT |
| Assay Type: | Sandwich |
| Detection Method: | ELISA |
| Reactivity: | Human |
| Detection Range: | 0.78-50ng/mL |
| Sensitivity: | 0.22ng/mL |
| Intra CV: | 6.1% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Inter CV: | 9.2% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Linearity: |
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| Recovery: |
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| Function: | Cleaves the gamma-glutamyl bond of extracellular glutathione (gamma-Glu-Cys-Gly), glutathione conjugates, and other gamma-glutamyl compounds. The metabolism of glutathione releases free glutamate and the dipeptide cysteinyl-glycine, which is hydrolyzed to cysteine and glycine by dipeptidases. In the presence of high concentrations of dipeptides and some amino acids, can also catalyze a transpeptidation reaction, transferring the gamma-glutamyl moiety to an acceptor amino acid to form a new gamma-glutamyl compound. Initiates extracellular glutathione (GSH) breakdown, provides cells with a local cysteine supply and contributes to maintain intracellular GSH level. It is part of the cell antioxidant defense mechanism. Isoform 3 seems to be inactive. |
| Uniprot: | P19440 |
| Sample Type: | Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids |
| Specificity: | Natural and recombinant human Glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme |
| Sub Unit: | Heterodimer composed of the light and heavy chains. The active site is located in the light chain. |
| Research Area: | Cell Biology |
| Subcellular Location: | Cell membrane Single-pass type II membrane protein |
| Storage: | Please see kit components below for exact storage details |
| Note: | For research use only |
| UniProt Protein Function: | GGT1: Initiates extracellular glutathione (GSH) breakdown, provides cells with a local cysteine supply and contributes to maintain intracellular GSH level. It is part of the cell antioxidant defense mechanism. Catalyzes the transfer of the glutamyl moiety of glutathione to amino acids and dipeptide acceptors. Alternatively, glutathione can be hydrolyzed to give Cys-Gly and gamma glutamate. Isoform 3 seems to be inactive. Defects in GGT1 are a cause of glutathionuria (GLUTH); also known as gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase deficiency. It is an autosomal recessive disease. Belongs to the gamma-glutamyltransferase family. 3 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative promoter. |
| UniProt Protein Details: | Protein type:Other Amino Acids Metabolism - taurine and hypotaurine; Membrane protein, integral; Other Amino Acids Metabolism - glutathione; EC 3.4.19.13; EC 3.4.19.14; Transferase; Other Amino Acids Metabolism - cyanoamino acid; Other Amino Acids Metabolism - selenoamino acid; Lipid Metabolism - arachidonic acid; EC 2.3.2.2 Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 22q11.23 Cellular Component: anchored to external side of plasma membrane; extracellular space; integral to membrane; plasma membrane Molecular Function:protein binding; gamma-glutamyltransferase activity Biological Process: amino acid metabolic process; glutamate metabolic process; regulation of immune system process; cysteine biosynthetic process; leukotriene metabolic process; proteolysis; leukotriene biosynthetic process; glutathione metabolic process; xenobiotic metabolic process; regulation of inflammatory response; glutathione catabolic process; glutathione biosynthetic process; arachidonic acid metabolic process; zymogen activation; spermatogenesis Disease: Glutathionuria |
| NCBI Summary: | The enzyme encoded by this gene is a type I gamma-glutamyltransferase that catalyzes the transfer of the glutamyl moiety of glutathione to a variety of amino acids and dipeptide acceptors. The enzyme is composed of a heavy chain and a light chain, which are derived from a single precursor protein. It is expressed in tissues involved in absorption and secretion and may contribute to the etiology of diabetes and other metabolic disorders. Multiple alternatively spliced variants have been identified. There are a number of related genes present on chromosomes 20 and 22, and putative pseudogenes for this gene on chromosomes 2, 13, and 22. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| UniProt Code: | P19440 |
| NCBI GenInfo Identifier: | 93140064 |
| NCBI Gene ID: | 2678 |
| NCBI Accession: | P19440.2 |
| UniProt Secondary Accession: | P19440,Q08247, Q14404, Q8TBS1, Q9UMK1, |
| UniProt Related Accession: | P19440 |
| Molecular Weight: | 569 |
| NCBI Full Name: | Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1 |
| NCBI Synonym Full Names: | gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 |
| NCBI Official Symbol: | GGT1 |
| NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: | GGT; GTG; CD224; GGT 1; D22S672; D22S732 |
| NCBI Protein Information: | gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1; glutathione hydrolase 1; leukotriene-C4 hydrolase |
| UniProt Protein Name: | Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1 |
| UniProt Synonym Protein Names: | Gamma-glutamyltransferase 1; Glutathione hydrolase 1 (EC:3.4.19.13); Leukotriene-C4 hydrolase (EC:3.4.19.14); CD_antigen: CD224Cleaved into the following 2 chains:Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1 heavy chain; Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1 light chain |
| Protein Family: | Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase |
| UniProt Gene Name: | GGT1 |
| UniProt Entry Name: | GGT1_HUMAN |
| Component | Quantity (96 Assays) | Storage |
| ELISA Microplate (Dismountable) | 8×12 strips | -20°C |
| Lyophilized Standard | 2 | -20°C |
| Sample Diluent | 20ml | -20°C |
| Assay Diluent A | 10mL | -20°C |
| Assay Diluent B | 10mL | -20°C |
| Detection Reagent A | 120µL | -20°C |
| Detection Reagent B | 120µL | -20°C |
| Wash Buffer | 30mL | 4°C |
| Substrate | 10mL | 4°C |
| Stop Solution | 10mL | 4°C |
| Plate Sealer | 5 | - |
Other materials and equipment required:
- Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
- Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
- Incubator
- Deionized or distilled water
- Absorbent paper
- Buffer resevoir
*Note: The below protocol is a sample protocol. Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.
Allow all reagents to reach room temperature (Please do not dissolve the reagents at 37°C directly). All the reagents should be mixed thoroughly by gently swirling before pipetting. Avoid foaming. Keep appropriate numbers of strips for 1 experiment and remove extra strips from microtiter plate. Removed strips should be resealed and stored at -20°C until the kits expiry date. Prepare all reagents, working standards and samples as directed in the previous sections. Please predict the concentration before assaying. If values for these are not within the range of the standard curve, users must determine the optimal sample dilutions for their experiments. We recommend running all samples in duplicate.
| Step | |
| 1. | Add Sample: Add 100µL of Standard, Blank, or Sample per well. The blank well is added with Sample diluent. Solutions are added to the bottom of micro ELISA plate well, avoid inside wall touching and foaming as possible. Mix it gently. Cover the plate with sealer we provided. Incubate for 120 minutes at 37°C. |
| 2. | Remove the liquid from each well, don't wash. Add 100µL of Detection Reagent A working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing. Incubate for 1 hour at 37°C. Note: if Detection Reagent A appears cloudy warm to room temperature until solution is uniform. |
| 3. | Aspirate each well and wash, repeating the process three times. Wash by filling each well with Wash Buffer (approximately 400µL) (a squirt bottle, multi-channel pipette,manifold dispenser or automated washer are needed). Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential. After the last wash, completely remove remaining Wash Buffer by aspirating or decanting. Invert the plate and pat it against thick clean absorbent paper. |
| 4. | Add 100µL of Detection Reagent B working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Incubate for 60 minutes at 37°C. |
| 5. | Repeat the wash process for five times as conducted in step 3. |
| 6. | Add 90µL of Substrate Solution to each well. Cover with a new Plate sealer and incubate for 10-20 minutes at 37°C. Protect the plate from light. The reaction time can be shortened or extended according to the actual color change, but this should not exceed more than 30 minutes. When apparent gradient appears in standard wells, user should terminatethe reaction. |
| 7. | Add 50µL of Stop Solution to each well. If color change does not appear uniform, gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing. |
| 8. | Determine the optical density (OD value) of each well at once, using a micro-plate reader set to 450 nm. User should open the micro-plate reader in advance, preheat the instrument, and set the testing parameters. |
| 9. | After experiment, store all reagents according to the specified storage temperature respectively until their expiry. |
When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.
| Sample Type | Protocol |
| Serum | If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. |
| Plasma | Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit. |
| Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid | Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid. |
| Cell culture supernatant | Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately. |
| Cell lysates | Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C. |
| Tissue homogenates | The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C. |
| Tissue lysates | Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C. |
| Breast Milk | Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles. |
