Description
Human Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide/PACAP ELISA Kit
The Human Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) ELISA Kit is a powerful tool for detecting PACAP levels in human biological samples. This kit offers high sensitivity and specificity, enabling researchers to obtain accurate and reproducible results in serum, plasma, and cell culture supernatants.PACAP is a neuropeptide that plays a critical role in various physiological processes, including hormone secretion, neurotransmission, and cell proliferation. Dysregulation of PACAP signaling has been linked to neurological disorders, stress responses, and inflammatory conditions, making it a valuable target for research in these areas.
With the Human PACAP ELISA Kit, researchers can delve into the intricate mechanisms of PACAP function and its potential therapeutic applications in the fields of neuroscience, endocrinology, and immunology. Trust in the precision and reliability of this kit to advance your understanding of PACAP biology and its implications for human health.
| Product Name: | Human Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide/PACAP ELISA Kit |
| Product Code: | HUFI01234 |
| Size: | 96 Assays |
| Alias: | PACAP, Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, ADCYAP1 |
| Detection method: | Sandwich ELISA, Double Antibody |
| Application: | This immunoassay kit allows for the in vitro quantitative determination of Human ADCYAP1 concentrations in serum plasma and other biological fluids. |
| Sensitivity: | 4.688pg/ml |
| Range: | 7.813-500pg/ml |
| Storage: | 4°C for 6 months |
| Note: | For Research Use Only |
| Recovery: | Matrices listed below were spiked with certain level of Human ADCYAP1 and the recovery rates were calculated by comparing the measured value to the expected amount of Human ADCYAP1 in samples. |
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| Linearity: | The linearity of the kit was assayed by testing samples spiked with appropriate concentration of Human ADCYAP1 and their serial dilutions. The results were demonstrated by the percentage of calculated concentration to the expected. |
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| CV(%): | Intra-Assay: CV<8% Inter-Assay: CV<10% |
| Component | Quantity | Storage |
| ELISA Microplate (Dismountable) | 8×12 strips | 4°C for 6 months |
| Lyophilized Standard | 2 | 4°C/-20°C |
| Sample/Standard Dilution Buffer | 20ml | 4°C |
| Biotin-labeled Antibody(Concentrated) | 120ul | 4°C (Protect from light) |
| Antibody Dilution Buffer | 10ml | 4°C |
| HRP-Streptavidin Conjugate(SABC) | 120ul | 4°C (Protect from light) |
| SABC Dilution Buffer | 10ml | 4°C |
| TMB Substrate | 10ml | 4°C (Protect from light) |
| Stop Solution | 10ml | 4°C |
| Wash Buffer(25X) | 30ml | 4°C |
| Plate Sealer | 5 | - |
Other materials and equipment required:
- Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
- Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
- Incubator
- Deionized or distilled water
- Absorbent paper
- Buffer resevoir
| Uniprot | P18509 |
| UniProt Protein Function: | ADCYAP1: Binding to its receptor activates G proteins and stimulates adenylate cyclase in pituitary cells. Belongs to the glucagon family. |
| UniProt Protein Details: | Protein type:Secreted, signal peptide; Secreted Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 18p11 Cellular Component: extracellular space; extracellular region; terminal button Molecular Function:neuropeptide hormone activity; peptide hormone receptor binding; receptor signaling protein activity; pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide receptor binding; pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide activity; receptor binding Biological Process: behavioral fear response; nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway; negative regulation of potassium ion transport; female pregnancy; sensory perception of pain; positive regulation of vasodilation; positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic; negative regulation of cell cycle; histamine secretion; elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration; cAMP-mediated signaling; regulation of protein localization; cell-cell signaling; ovarian follicle development; neuropeptide signaling pathway; positive regulation of cell proliferation; neurite development; negative regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus; adenylate cyclase activation; positive regulation of interleukin-6 production; response to starvation; positive regulation of growth hormone secretion; ATP metabolic process; response to ethanol; regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential; pituitary gland development; positive regulation of protein kinase activity; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; negative regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus; transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway; regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway |
| NCBI Summary: | This gene encodes a secreted proprotein that is further processed into multiple mature peptides. These peptides stimulate adenylate cyclase and increase cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, resulting in the transcriptional activation of target genes. The products of this gene are key mediators of neuroendocrine stress responses. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013] |
| UniProt Code: | P18509 |
| NCBI GenInfo Identifier: | 1132550 |
| NCBI Gene ID: | 116 |
| NCBI Accession: | CAA42962.1 |
| UniProt Related Accession: | P18509 |
| Molecular Weight: | |
| NCBI Full Name: | PACAP |
| NCBI Synonym Full Names: | adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 |
| NCBI Official Symbol: | ADCYAP1 |
| NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: | PACAP |
| NCBI Protein Information: | pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide |
| UniProt Protein Name: | Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide |
| UniProt Synonym Protein Names: | PRP-48 |
| Protein Family: | Photoactivated adenylate cyclase |
| UniProt Gene Name: | ADCYAP1 |
| UniProt Entry Name: | PACA_HUMAN |
*Note: Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.
Before adding to wells, equilibrate the SABC working solution and TMB substrate for at least 30 min at 37°C. When diluting samples and reagents, they must be mixed completely and evenly. It is recommended to plot a standard curve for each test.
| Step | Protocol |
| 1. | Set standard, test sample and control (zero) wells on the pre-coated plate respectively, and then, record their positions. It is recommended to measure each standard and sample in duplicate. Wash plate 2 times before adding standard, sample and control (zero) wells! |
| 2. | Aliquot 0.1ml standard solutions into the standard wells. |
| 3. | Add 0.1 ml of Sample / Standard dilution buffer into the control (zero) well. |
| 4. | Add 0.1 ml of properly diluted sample ( Human serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.) into test sample wells. |
| 5. | Seal the plate with a cover and incubate at 37 °C for 90 min. |
| 6. | Remove the cover and discard the plate content, clap the plate on the absorbent filter papers or other absorbent material. Do NOT let the wells completely dry at any time. Wash plate X2. |
| 7. | Add 0.1 ml of Biotin- detection antibody working solution into the above wells (standard, test sample & zero wells). Add the solution at the bottom of each well without touching the side wall. |
| 8. | Seal the plate with a cover and incubate at 37°C for 60 min. |
| 9. | Remove the cover, and wash plate 3 times with Wash buffer. Let wash buffer rest in wells for 1 min between each wash. |
| 10. | Add 0.1 ml of SABC working solution into each well, cover the plate and incubate at 37°C for 30 min. |
| 11. | Remove the cover and wash plate 5 times with Wash buffer, and each time let the wash buffer stay in the wells for 1-2 min. |
| 12. | Add 90 µl of TMB substrate into each well, cover the plate and incubate at 37°C in dark within 10-20 min. (Note: This incubation time is for reference use only, the optimal time should be determined by end user.) And the shades of blue can be seen in the first 3-4 wells (with most concentrated standard solutions), the other wells show no obvious color. |
| 13. | Add 50 µl of Stop solution into each well and mix thoroughly. The color changes into yellow immediately. |
| 14. | Read the O.D. absorbance at 450 nm in a microplate reader immediately after adding the stop solution. |
When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.
| Sample Type | Protocol |
| Serum | If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. |
| Plasma | Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit. |
| Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid | Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid. |
| Cell culture supernatant | Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately. |
| Cell lysates | Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C. |
| Tissue homogenates | The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C. |
| Tissue lysates | Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C. |
| Breast Milk | Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles. |
| Sun et al. | Decreased synovial fluid pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) levels may reflect disease severity in post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament injury | Peptides 2019 | PMID: 31039374 |
| Sun et al. | The synovial fluid neuropeptide PACAP may act as a protective factor during disease progression of primary knee osteoarthritis and is increased following hyaluronic acid injection | Innate Immunity 2019 | PMID: 30935267 |
| Yang et al. | Decreased Plasma Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) Levels are Linked with Disease Severity in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis | International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics 2021 | View Citation |
| Hu et al. | Correlation of Decreased Serum Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Levels With Non-motor Symptoms in Patients With Parkinson's Disease | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 2022 | PubMed ID: 34566619 |
| Shiyu Hu et al. | Correlation of Decreased Serum Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Levels With Non-motor Symptoms in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 2021 | PubMed ID: 34566619 |
